Holocene paleoseismology of the Steamboat Mountain Site: Evidence for full‐Llngth rupture of the Teton Fault, Wyoming
Christopher B. DuRoss, Mark S. Zellman, Glenn D. Thackray, Richard W. Briggs, Ryan D. Gold, Shannon A. Mahan
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 439-465
The 72‐km‐long Teton fault in northwestern Wyoming is an ideal candidate for reconstructing the lateral extent of surface‐rupturing earthquakes and testing models of normal‐fault segmentation. To explore the history of earthquakes on the northern Teton fault, we hand‐excavated two trenches at the Steamboat Mountain site,...
Spatial capture–recapture with random thinning for unidentified encounters
Jose Jimenez, Ben Augustine, Daniel W. Linden, Richard B. Chandler, J. Andrew Royle
2021, Ecology & Evolution (11) 1187-1198
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity information to estimate population density and other demographic parameters. Recent examples are the unmarked SCR (or spatial count model), where no individual identities are available and spatial...
Quantifying plant-soil-nutrient dynamics in rangelands: Fusion of UAV hyperspectral-LiDAR, UAV multispectral-photogrammetry, and ground-based LiDAR-digital photography in a shrub-encroached desert grassland
Joel B. Sankey, Temuulen T. Sankey, Junran Li, Sujith Ravi, Guan Wang, Joshua Caster, Alan Kasprak
2021, Remote Sensing of Environment (253)
Rangelands cover 70% of the world's land surface, and provide critical ecosystem services of primary production, soil carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. These ecosystem services are governed by very fine-scale spatial patterning of soil carbon, nutrients, and plant species at the centimeter-to-meter scales, a phenomenon known as “islands of fertility”....
Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink
Julie Loisel, A.V. Gallego-Sala, M.J. Amesbury, G. Magnan, G. Anshari, D. W. Beilman, J. Blewett, J. C. Benevides, P. Camill, D. J. Charman, S. Chawchai, A. Hedgpeth, T. Kleinen, A. Korhola, D. Large, J. Muller, C. A. Mansilla, S. van Bellen, J. B. West, Z. Yu, J. L. Bubier, M. Garneau, T. Moore, A. B. K. Sannel, M. Väliranta, S. Page, M. Bechtold, V. Brovkin, L. E. S. Cole, J. P. Chanton, T. R. Christensen, M. A. Davies, F. De Vleeschouwer, S.A. Finkelstein, S. Frolking, M. Galka, L. Gandois, N. Girkin, .L.I. Harris, A. Heinemeyer, A.M. Hoyt, Miriam C. Jones, F. Joos, S. Juutinen, K. Kaiser, M. Lamentowicz, T. Larmola, M. Leifeld, A. Lohila, A.M. Milner, Kari Minkkinen, P. Moss, B.D.A. Naafs, J. Nichols, J. O'Donnell, R. Payne, M. Philben, S. Pilo, A. Quillet, A.S. Ratnayake, T.P. Roland, S. Sjogersten, O. Sonnentag, G.T. Swindles, W. Swinnen, J. Talbott, C. C. Treat, A.C. Valach, J. Wu
2021, Nature Climate Change (11) 70-77
The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in...
Multi-geophysical parameter classification of the Montserrat geothermal system
Racine A. Basant, Graham A. Ryan, Jared R. Peacock, Antonio G. Camacho, Oshaine O. Blake, Stefanie Hautmann, Bridget Y. Lynne
2021, Geothermics (90)
Multi-geophysical parameter classification can help to reduce the uncertainties of interpretations that often rely on one geophysical technique. Integrating these varying datasets requires a more robust classification approach rather than traditional qualitative methods. In this study, we applied the Fuzzy c-means...
Influence of niche breadth and position on the historical biogeography of seafaring scincid lizards
Jonathan Q. Richmond, Hidetoshi Ota, L Lee Grismer, Robert N. Fisher
2021, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (132) 74-92
Niche breadth and position can influence diversification among closely related species or populations, yet limited empirical data exist concerning the predictability of the outcomes. We explored the effects of these factors on the evolution of the Emoia atrocostata species group, an insular radiation of lizards in the western Pacific Ocean and...
Infection status as the basis for habitat choices in a wild amphibian
Gabriel M. Barrile, Anna D. Chalfoun, Annika W. Walters
2021, American Naturalist (197) 128-137
Animals challenged with disease may select specific habitat conditions that help prevent or reduce infection. Whereas preinfection avoidance of habitats with a high risk of disease exposure has been documented in both captive and free-ranging animals, evidence of switching habitats after infection to support the clearing of the infection is...
Factors affecting nitrate concentrations in stream base flow
Susan Wherry, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Silvia Terziotti
2021, Environmental Science and Technology (55) 902-911
Elevated nitrogen concentrations in streams and rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have adversely affected the ecosystem health of the bay. Much of this nitrogen is derived as nitrate from groundwater that discharges to streams as base flow. In this study, boosted regression trees (BRTs) were used to relate nitrate...
The birth of a Hawaiian fissure eruption
Bruce F. Houghton, Caroline M. Tisdale, Edward W. Llewellin, Jacopo Taddeucci, Tim R. Orr, Brett H. Walker, Matthew R. Patrick
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (126)
Most basaltic explosive eruptions intensify abruptly, allowing little time to document processes at the start of eruption. One opportunity came with the initiation of activity from fissure 8 (F8) during the 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea, Hawaii. F8 erupted in four episodes. We recorded 28 min...
Dating by cosmogenic nuclides
Paul R. Bierman, Adrian Bender, Andrew J. Christ, Lee B. Corbett, Christopher T. Halsted, Eric W. Portenga, Amanda H. Schmidt
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Since the 1990s, cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionized the study of Earth surface processes, particularly the understanding of rates and dates. These nuclides, including 3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al, and 36Cl, enable dating of landforms and the measurement of erosion rates both at the scale of drainage basins and at specific locations on Earth's surface. Cosmogenic nuclides are produced...
Monitoring volcanic deformation
Maurizio Battaglia, Jorge Alpala, Rosa Alpala, Mario Angarita, Dario Arcos, Leonardo Euillades, Pablo Euillades, Cyril Muller, Lourdes Narvaez
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Deformation signals recorded at volcanoes have long been used to infer the processes behind subsurface magma intrusions. Monitoring strategies vary greatly depending on several factors such as the activity of the individual volcano, access, available personnel, and funding.Certain geodetic monitoring methods, such as Electronic Distance Measurements, are inexpensive but require that scientists...
Interactive PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat water-quality modeling tools to evaluate performance and design of treatment systems for acid mine drainage
Charles A. Cravotta III
2021, Applied Geochemistry (126)
The PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat aqueous geochemical modeling tools described herein simulate changes in pH and solute concentrations resulting from passive and active treatment of acidic or alkaline mine drainage (AMD). The “user-friendly” interactive tools, which are publicly available software, utilize PHREEQC equilibrium aqueous and surface speciation models and...
Predator and prey events at the entrance of a surface‐oriented fish collector at North Fork Dam, Oregon
Collin D. Smith, John M. Plumb, Noah S. Adams, Garth J Wyatt
2021, Fisheries Management and Ecology (28) 172-182
Quantifiable estimates of predator–prey interactions and relationships in aquatic habitats are difficult to obtain and rare, especially when individuals cannot be readily observed. To overcome this observational impediment, imaging sonar was used to assess the cooccurrence of predator‐size fish and juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., at the entrance to a floating surface collector...
Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management
Rachel M. Giglio, Tonie E. Rocke, Jorge E. Osorio, Emily K. Latch
2021, Evolutionary Applications (14) 1036-1051
Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns...
Drivers and projections of ice phenology in mountain lakes in the western United States
Timothy J Caldwell, Sudeep Chandra, Thomas Albright, Adrian Harpold, Thomas Dills, Jonathan Greenberg, Steven Sadro, Michael D. Dettinger
2021, Limnology and Oceanography (66) 995-1008
Climate change is causing rapid warming and altered precipitation patterns in mountain watersheds, both of which influence the timing of ice breakup in mountain lakes. To enable predictions of ice breakup in the future, we analyzed a dataset of mountain lake ice breakup dates derived from remote sensing and historical...
Basalt geochemistry and mantle flow during early backarc basin evolution: Havre Trough and Kermadec Arc, southwest Pacific
James B Gill, Kaj Hoernle, Erin Todd, Folkmar Hauff, Reinhard Werner, Christian Timm, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Marcus Gutjahr
2021, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (22)
The Havre Trough (HT) backarc basin in the southwest Pacific is in the rifting stage of development. We distinguish five types of basalt there based on their amount and kind of slab component: backarc basalts (BAB) with little or no slab component, modified BAB with slight amounts,...
Optimal sampling design for spatial capture‐recapture
Gates Dupont, J. Andrew Royle, Muhammad Ali Nawaz, Chris Sutherland
2021, Ecology (102)
Spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) has emerged as the industry standard for estimating population density by leveraging information from spatial locations of repeat encounters of individuals. The precision of density estimates depends fundamentally on the number and spatial configuration of traps. Despite this knowledge, existing sampling design recommendations are heuristic and their...
Time-to-detection occupancy methods: Performance and utility for improving efficiency of surveys
Brian J. Halstead, Jonathan P. Rose, Patrick M. Kleeman
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Occupancy methods propelled the quantitative study of species distributions forward by separating the observation process, or the imperfect detectability of species, from the ecological processes of interest governing species distributions. Occupancy studies come at a cost, however: the collection of additional data to account for nondetections...
Influence of water temperature and biotic interactions on the distribution of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in a population stronghold under climate change
Kadie Heinle, Lisa A Eby, Clint C. Muhlfeld, Amber Steed, Leslie Jones, Vincent S. D’Angelo, Andrew R. Whiteley, Mark Hubblewhite
2021, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (78) 444-456
Climate warming is expected to have substantial impacts on native trout across the Rocky Mountains, but there is little understanding of how these changes affect future distributions of co-occurring native fishes within population strongholds. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to investigate the role of abiotic (e.g., temperature) and biotic factors...
Small mammal responses to wetland restoration in the Greater Everglades ecosystem
Stephanie Romanach, Laura D’Acunto, Julia Chapman, Matthew R Hanson
2021, Restoration Ecology (29)
Wetlands have experienced dramatic losses in extent around the world, disrupting ecosystem function, habitat, and biodiversity. In Florida’s Greater Everglades, a massive restoration effort costing billions of dollars and spanning multiple decades is underway. As Everglades restoration is implemented in incremental projects, scientists and planners monitor the outcomes of projects....
Evaluation of a roughness length parametrization accounting for wind–wave alignment in a coupled atmosphere–wave model
Sara Porchetta, O. Temel, John C. Warner, J.C. Munoz-Esparza, J Monbaliu, J. van Beeck, N. van Lipzig
2021, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (147) 825-846
The importance of wind energy as an alternative energy source has increased over the latest years with more focus on offshore winds. A good estimation of the offshore winds is thus of major importance for this industry. Up to now the effect of the wind–wave (mis)alignment has not yet been...
Variable seepage meter efficiency in high-permeability settings
Donald O. Rosenberry, Jose M Nieto-Lopez, Richard M. Webb, Sascha Muller
2021, Water (12)
The efficiency of seepage meters, long considered a fixed property associated with the meter design, is not constant in highly permeable sediments. Instead, efficiency varies substantially with seepage bag fullness, duration of bag attachment, depth of meter insertion into the sediments, and seepage velocity. Tests conducted in a seepage test...
Systematic characterization of morphotectonic variability along the Cascadia convergent margin: Implications for shallow megathrust behavior and tsunami hazards
Janet Watt, Daniel S. Brothers
2021, Geosphere (17) 95-117
Studies of recent destructive megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis along subduction margins in Japan, Sumatra, and Chile have linked forearc morphology and structure to megathrust behavior. This connection is based on the idea that spatial variations in the frictional behavior of the megathrust influence the tectono-morphological evolution of the upper plate....
Suspended-sediment Flux in the San Francisco Estuary; Part II: the Impact of the 2013–2016 California Drought and Controls on Sediment Flux
Daniel N. Livsey, Maureen A. Downing-Kunz, David H. Schoellhamer, Andrew J. Manning
2021, Estuaries and Coasts (44) 972-990
Recent modeling has demonstrated that sediment supply is one of the primary environmental variables that will determine the sustainability of San Francisco Estuary tidal marshes over the next century as sea level rises. Therefore, understanding the environmental controls on sediment flux within the San Francisco Estuary...
Comparison of machine learning approaches used to identify the drivers of Bakken oil well productivity
Emil D. Attanasi, Philip A. Freeman, Timothy Coburn
2021, Statistical Analysis and Data Mining (14) 536-555
Geologists and petroleum engineers have struggled to identify the mechanisms that drive productivity in horizontal hydraulically fractured oil wells. The machine learning algorithms of Random Forest (RF), gradient boosting trees (GBT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were applied to a dataset containing 7311 horizontal hydraulically fractured...
