Predicting lesser scaup wetland use during spring migration in eastern South Dakota
S.N. Kahara, S. R. Chipps
2009, Great Plains Research (19) 157-167
The relative influence of physical, chemical, and biotic wetland characteristics on wetland use by spring migrating lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton]; hereafter "scaup") is not well understood. We compared characteristics of used and unused wetlands in eastern South Dakota. Used wetlands were larger (>2 ha; P = 0.05), with higher...
Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (Ms = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations
Yi-Ying Wen, Ma Kuo-Fong, Teh-Ru Alex Song, Walter D. Mooney
2009, Geophysical Journal International (177) 555-570
We determine the finite-fault slip distribution of the 2001 Kunlun earthquake (Ms = 8.1) by inverting teleseismic waveforms, as constrained by geological and remote sensing field observations. The spatial slip distribution along the 400-km-long fault was divided into five segments in accordance with geological observations. Forward modelling of regional surface waves...
Postglacial sedimentary record of the Southern California continental shelf and slope, Point Conception to Dana Point
C.K. Sommerfield, H.J. Lee, W. R. Normark
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 89-115
Sedimentary strata on the Southern California shelf and slope (Point Conception to Dana Point) display patterns and rates of sediment accumulation that convey information on sea-level inundation, sediment supply, and oceanic transport processes following the Last Glacial Maximum. In Santa Monica Bay and San Pedro Bay, postglacial transgression is recorded...
A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models
Frank E. Marshall, G. Lynn Wingard, Patrick A. Pitts
2009, Estuaries and Coasts (32) 37-53
Restoration of Florida’s Everglades requires scientifically supportable hydrologic targets. This study establishes a restoration baseline by developing a method to simulate hydrologic and salinity conditions prior to anthropogenic changes. The method couples paleoecologic data on long-term historic ecosystem conditions with statistical models derived from observed meteorologic and hydrologic data that...
Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake
R. O. Hall Jr., J. L. Tank, D. J. Sobota, P. J. Mulholland, J. M. O’Brien, W. K. Dodds, J.R. Webster, H. M. Valett, G. C. Poole, B. J. Peterson, J.L. Meyer, W. H. McDowell, S. L. Johnson, S. K. Hamilton, N. B. Grimm, S.V. Gregory, Clifford N. Dahm, L. W. Cooper, L. R. Ashkenas, S. M. Thomas, R.W. Sheibley, J. D. Potter, B.R. Niederlehner, L. T. Johnson, A. M. Helton, C.M. Crenshaw, A. J. Burgin, M. J. Bernot, J. J. Beaulieu, C.P. Arangob
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 653-665
We measured uptake length of 15NO-3 in 72 streams in eight regions across the United States and Puerto Rico to develop quantitative predictive models on controls of NO-3 uptake length. As part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II project, we chose nine streams in each region corresponding to natural...
Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations
T.R. Brosten, J.H. Bradford, J. P. McNamara, M.N. Gooseff, J.P. Zarnetske, W.B. Bowden, M.E. Johnston
2009, Conference Paper, Near Surface Geophysics
Porosity of stream sediments has a direct effect on hyporheic exchange patterns and rates. Improved estimates of porosity heterogeneity will yield enhanced simulation of hyporheic exchange processes. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) velocity measurements are strongly controlled by water content thus accurate measures of GPR velocity in saturated sediments provides estimates of...
Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction
H.J. Dowsett, M.M. Robinson, K.M. Foley
2009, Climate of the Past Discussions (5) 1901-1928
A snapshot of the thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water tempera-5 ture estimates produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry. This reconstruction assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which...
Interactions between soil thermal and hydrological dynamics in the response of Alaska ecosystems to fire disturbance
Shuhua Yi, A. David McGuire, Jennifer Harden, Eric Kasischke, Kristen L. Manies, Larry Hinzman, Anna K. Liljedahl, J. Randerson, Heping Liu, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Sergey S. Marchenko, Yongwon Kim
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (114)
Soil temperature and moisture are important factors that control many ecosystem processes. However, interactions between soil thermal and hydrological processes are not adequately understood in cold regions, where the frozen soil, fire disturbance, and soil drainage play important roles in controlling interactions among these processes. These interactions were investigated with...
A controlled field pilot for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models
L.H. Spangler, L.M. Dobeck, K. Repasky, A. Nehrir, S. Humphries, C. Keith, J. Shaw, J. Rouse, A. Cunningham, S. Benson, C.M. Oldenburg, J.L. Lewicki, A. Wells, R. Diehl, B. Strazisar, J. Fessenden, Thomas Rahn, J. Amonette, J. Barr, W. Pickles, J. Jacobson, E. Silver, E. Male, H. Rauch, K. Gullickson, R. Trautz, Y. Kharaka, J. Birkholzer, L. Wielopolski
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
A field facility has been developed to allow controlled studies of near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. The key component of the facility is a shallow, slotted horizontal well divided into six zones. The scale and fluxes were designed to address large scale CO2 storage projects and desired retention...
On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models
R.M. Dorazio
2009, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference (139) 3384-3390
In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multimodal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter ?? and a base probability measure G0. In problems where ?? is...
Anatomy of the dead sea transform from lithospheric to microscopic scale
M. Weber, K. Abu-Ayyash, A. Abueladas, A. Agnon, Z. Alasonati-Tasarova, H. Al-Zubi, A. Babeyko, Y. Bartov, K. Bauer, M. Becken, P. A. Bedrosian, Z. Ben-Avraham, G. Bock, M. Bohnhoff, J. Bribach, P. Dulski, J. Ebbing, R. El-Kelani, A. Forster, H.-J. Forster, U. Frieslander, Z. Garfunkel, H.J. Goetze, V. Haak, C. Haberland, M. Hassouneh, S. Helwig, A. Hofstetter, A. Hoffmann-Rotrie, K.H. Jackel, C. Janssen, D. Jaser, D. Kesten, M. Khatib, R. Kind, O. Koch, I. Koulakov, Gabi Laske, N. Maercklin, R. Masarweh, A. Masri, A. Matar, J. Mechie, N. Meqbel, B. Plessen, P. Moller, A. Mohsen, R. Oberhansli, S. Oreshin, A. Petrunin, I. Qabbani, I. Rabba, O. Ritter, R.L. Romer, G. Rumpker, M. Rybakov, T. Ryberg, J. Saul, F. Scherbaum, S. Schmidt, A. Schulze, S.V. Sobolev, M. Stiller, D. Stromeyer, K. Tarawneh, C. Trela, U. Weckmann, U. Wetzel, K. Wylegalla
2009, Reviews of Geophysics (47)
Fault zones are the locations where motion of tectonic plates, often associated with earthquakes, is accommodated. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of faults in the last decades, our knowledge of their geometry, petrophysical properties, and controlling processes remains incomplete. The central questions addressed here in our study of...
Coral reef evolution on rapidly subsiding margins
J.M. Webster, J.C. Braga, D.A. Clague, C. Gallup, J.R. Hein, D.C. Potts, W. Renema, R. Riding, K. Riker-Coleman, E. Silver, L.M. Wallace
2009, Global and Planetary Change (66) 129-148
A series of well-developed submerged coral reefs are preserved in the Huon Gulf (Papua New Guinea) and around Hawaii. Despite different tectonics settings, both regions have experienced rapid subsidence (2-6??m/ka) over the last 500??ka. Rapid subsidence, combined with eustatic sea-level changes, is responsible for repeated drowning and backstepping of coral...
An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout (salvelinus confluentus) and the rainbow trout (onchorhyncus mykiss)
J.F. Fairchild, K.P. Feltz, L.C. Sappington, A.L. Allert, K.J. Nelson, J. Valle
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (56) 761-769
We conducted acute and chronic toxicity studies of the effects of picloram acid on the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard coldwater surrogate rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile fish were chronically exposed for 30 days in a proportional flow-through diluter to measured concentrations of 0,...
A biophysical model of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) explains interannual variations in recruitment
Yingming Zhao, Michael L. Jones, Brian J. Shuter, Edward F. Roseman
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 114-125
We used a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model to investigate how lake currents can affect walleye (Sander vitreus) recruitment in western Lake Erie. Four years were selected based on a fall recruitment index: two high recruitment years (i.e., 1996 and 1999) and two low recruitment years (i.e., 1995 and 1998). During...
Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars
J.M. Metz, J.P. Grotzinger, D. M. Rubin, K.W. Lewis, S. W. Squyres, J.F. Bell
2009, Journal of Sedimentary Research (79) 247-264
This study investigates three bedrock exposures at Erebus crater, an ?? 300 m diameter crater approximately 4 km south of Endurance crater on Mars. These outcrops, called Olympia, Payson, and Yavapai, provide additional evidence in support of the dune-interdune model proposed for the formation of the deposits at the Opportunity...
Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM
D.M. Boore
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 3202-3216
Comparisons of ground motions from two widely used point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulation programs (SMSIM and EXSIM) show that the following simple modifications in EXSIM will produce agreement in the motions from a small earthquake at a large distance for the two programs: (1) base the scaling of high frequencies...
A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault
P.M. Fulton, D.M. Saffer, B.A. Bekins
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (284) 447-454
Many plate boundary faults, including the San Andreas Fault, appear to slip at unexpectedly low shear stress. One long-standing explanation for a "weak" San Andreas Fault is that fluid release by dehydration reactions during regional metamorphism generates elevated fluid pressures that are localized within the fault, reducing the effective normal...
Far field tsunami simulations of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake: Implications for tsunami hazard to the U.S. East Coast and the Caribbean
R. Barkan, Uri S. ten Brink, J. Lin
2009, Marine Geology (264) 109-122
The great Lisbon earthquake of November 1st, 1755 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.5-9.0 was the most destructive earthquake in European history. The associated tsunami run-up was reported to have reached 5-15??m along the Portuguese and Moroccan coasts and the run-up was significant at the Azores and Madeira Island....
Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida
B. G. Katz, A.A. Sepulveda, R.J. Verdi
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 607-627
A nitrogen (N) mass-balance budget was developed to assess the sources of N affecting increasing ground-water nitrate concentrations in the 960-km 2 karstic Ichetucknee Springs basin. This budget included direct measurements of N species in rainfall, ground water, and spring waters, along with estimates of N loading from fertilizers, septic...
Geochemical Modeling of Carbon Sequestration, MMV, and EOR in the Illinois Basin
P.M. Berger, William R. Roy, E. Mehnert
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
The Illinois State Geologic Survey is conducting several ongoing CO2 sequestration projects that require geochemical models to gain an understanding of the processes occurring in the subsurface. The ISGS has collected brine and freshwater samples associated with an enhanced oil recovery project in the Loudon oil field. Geochemical modeling allows...
Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder
S.B. Menke, D.A. Holway, Robert N. Fisher, W. Jetz
2009, Global Ecology and Biogeography (18) 50-63
Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) or, more specifically, ecological niche models (ENMs) are a useful and rapidly proliferating tool in ecology and global change biology. ENMs attempt to capture associations between a species and its environment and are often used to draw biological inferences, to predict potential occurrences in unoccupied...
Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim
P.A. McCrory, D.S. Wilson, R. G. Stanley
2009, Tectonophysics (464) 30-42
Many subduction margins that rim the Pacific Ocean contain complex records of Cenozoic slab-window volcanism combined with tectonic disruption of the continental margin. The series of slab windows that opened beneath California and Mexico starting about 28.5 Ma resulted from the death of a series of spreading ridge segments and...
Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal
M.K. La Peyre, B. Gossman, Bryan P. Piazza
2009, Estuaries and Coasts (32) 390-402
Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond...
The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds
J.T. Julian, J.A. Young, J. W. Jones, C.D. Snyder, C. W. Wright
2009, Journal of Geographical Systems (11) 89-106
We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error...
Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska
J. A. O'Donnell, M.R. Turetsky, J.W. Harden, K.L. Manies, L.E. Pruett, G. Shetler, J. C. Neff
2009, Ecosystems (12) 57-72
Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems of...
