An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete
D. A. Nimick, J.T. Gurrieri, G. Furniss
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 106-119
Methods for assessing natural background water quality of streams affected by historical mining are vigorously debated. An empirical method is proposed in which stream-specific estimation equations are generated from relationships between either pH or dissolved Cu concentration in stream water and the Fe/Cu concentration ratio in Fe-precipitates presently forming in...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
A.M. Haywood, H.J. Dowsett, P.J. Valdes, D.J. Lunt, J.E. Francis, B.W. Sellwood
2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (367) 3-17
Climate predictions produced by numerical climate models, often referred to as general circulation models (GCMs), suggest that by the end of the twenty-first century global mean annual surface air temperatures will increase by 1.1-6.4??C. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than...
Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides
S.B. Miles, D. K. Keefer
2009, Engineering Geology (104) 1-15
A new comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides (CAMEL) has been developed to assist in planning decisions related to disaster risk reduction. CAMEL provides an integrated framework for modeling all types of earthquake-induced landslides using fuzzy logic systems and geographic information systems. CAMEL is designed to facilitate quantitative and qualitative...
The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy
Kenji Mibe, I-Ming Chou, Alan J. Anderson, Robert A. Mayanovic, William A. Bassett
2009, Chemical Geology (259) 48-53
A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-,...
Potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity and DNA damage in swallows from the Rio Grande and Somerville, Texas
M.A. Sitzlar, M.A. Mora, J.G.W. Fleming, F.W. Bazer, J. W. Bickham, C. W. Matson
2009, Ecotoxicology (18) 15-21
Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and cave swallows (P. fulva) were sampled during the breeding season at several locations in the Rio Grande, Texas, to evaluate the potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity in brain and gonads and DNA damage in blood cells. The tritiated water-release aromatase assay...
Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park
W.C. Oosthuizen, P.C. Cross, J.A. Bowers, C. Hay, M.R. Ebinger, P. Buss, M. Hofmeyr, E.Z. Cameron
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 149-153
Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting radiocollars are common practices in studies of large mammals, but success is based on the assumptions that captured animals are representative of the rest of the population and that the capture procedure has negligible effects. We estimated effects of chemical immobilization on mortality rates of African...
Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California
Mary Ann Madej, D.G. Sutherland, T.E. Lisle, B. Pryor
2009, Geomorphology (103) 507-519
At the reach scale, a channel adjusts to sediment supply and flow through mutual interactions among channel form, bed particle size, and flow dynamics that govern river bed mobility. Sediment can impair the beneficial uses of a river, but the timescales for studying recovery following high sediment loading in the...
Soot and palynologic analysis of Manson impact-related strata (Upper Cretaceous) of Iowa and South Dakota, USA
D.J. Varricchio, R.F. Raven, W.S. Wolbach, W.C. Elsik, B.J. Witzke
2009, Cretaceous Research (30) 127-134
The Campanian Manson impact structure of Iowa represents the best-preserved, large-diameter complex crater within the continental U.S. To assess the timing and potential mode of crater infilling and the possible presence of an impact event horizon, we analyzed samples from both within and distal to the impact structure for their...
Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005
L. R. Brown, W. Kimmerer, R. Brown
2009, Environmental Management (43) 357-368
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into...
Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water
F. H. Chapelle, P. M. Bradley, D.J. Goode, C. Tiedeman, P.J. Lacombe, K. Kaiser, R. Benner
2009, Ground Water (47) 108-121
The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon‐normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as...
Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary
Brian R. Gray, David Bushek, J. Wanzer Drane, Dwayne Porter
2009, Ecotoxicology (18) 259-269
Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen Perkinsus marinus have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels....
Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters
D. Kirk Nordstrom, R. Blaine McCleskey, J.W. Ball
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 191-207
Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 ??C) and low-temperature (0-30 ??C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H2S in...
Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand
R. Anders, C.V. Chrysikopoulos
2009, Transport in Porous Media (76) 121-138
Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for...
Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential
P.C. Hackley, E.H. Guevara, T.F. Hentz, R.W. Hook
2009, International Journal of Coal Geology (77) 294-309
Thermal maturity was determined for about 120 core, cuttings, and outcrop samples to investigate the potential for coalbed gas resources in Pennsylvanian strata of north-central Texas. Shallow (< 600??m; 2000??ft) coal and carbonaceous shale cuttings samples from the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco Groups in Archer and Young Counties...
Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise
J. A. Cherry, K.L. McKee, J.B. Grace
2009, Journal of Ecology (97) 67-77
1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO 2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects...
Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area
B.M. Collins, J.D. Miller, A. E. Thode, M. Kelly, J. W. van Wagtendonk, S.L. Stephens
2009, Ecosystems (12) 114-128
We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate...
Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2009, Continental Shelf Research (29) 148-158
Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level,...
Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep
K.M. Longshore, C. Lowrey, D.B. Thompson
2009, Journal of Arid Environments (73) 280-286
Artificial water sources have been used for decades to enhance and restore wildlife habitat but the benefits of their use have been subject to debate. During the past century, the number of natural springs in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA, has declined. In response to concerns about the viability...
Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam
C.L. Tyrrell, M.T. Christy, G.H. Rodda, A. A. Yackel Adams, A.R. Ellingson, J. A. Savidge, K. Dean-Bradley, R. Bischof
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 128-135
1. Open population mark-recapture analysis of unbounded populations accommodates some types of closure violations (e.g. emigration, immigration). In contrast, closed population analysis of such populations readily allows estimation of capture heterogeneity and behavioural response, but requires crucial assumptions about closure (e.g. no permanent emigration) that are suspect and rarely tested...
Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington
B.R. Jicha, G.L. Hart, C.M. Johnson, Wes Hildreth, B.L. Beard, S.B. Shirey, J.W. Valley
2009, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (157) 189-207
Strontium, Nd, Pb, Hf, Os, and O isotope compositions for 30 Quaternary lava flows from the Mount Adams stratovolcano and its basaltic periphery in the Cascade arc, southern Washington, USA indicate a major component from intraplate mantle sources, a relatively small subduction component, and interaction with young mafic crust at...
Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems
J. Colt, B. Watten, M. Rust
2009, Aquacultural Engineering (40) 28-44
In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can...
How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets
E. L. Kuniansky, M.A. Lowery, B. G. Campbell
2009, Ground Water (47) 97-107
For regional models, the shallow water table surface is often used as a source/sink boundary condition, as model grid scale precludes simulation of the water table aquifer. This approach is appropriate when the water table surface is relatively stationary. Since water table surface maps are not readily available, the elevation...
A Mid-Late Quaternary loess-paleosol record in Simmons Farm in southern Illinois, USA
Hongfang Wang, C.C. Lundstrom, Z. Zhang, D.A. Grimley, W.L. Balsam
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 93-106
In unglaciated areas of the Mississippi Valley region, the typical full loess-paleosol succession contains the Modern Soil developed in Peoria Silt, weakly developed Farmdale Geosol developed in Roxana Silt, Sangamon Geosol developed in Loveland Silt, and Yarmouth Geosol developed in Crowley's Ridge Silt. Although a fifth loess called the Marianna...
Exotic plant species associations with horse trails, old roads, and intact native communities in the Missouri Ozarks
E.D. Stroh, M.A. Struckhoff
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 50-56
We compared the extent to which exotic species are associated with horse trails, old roads, and intact communities within three native vegetation types in Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. We used a general linear model procedure and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test to compare exotic species richness, exotic to native...
An Alaskan legend
H. Mann, R. B. Blodgett
2009, Hart's E and P
Jack Lee is a prominent personality, an Alaskan individualist and a skeptic worthy of remembrance if for no other reason than being inextricably associated with the catastrophic Katmai eruption in 1912. Jack remains a provocative reminder of Alaska's pre-1958 drilling and was quite possibly the earliest observer (excepting natives and...
