Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem
R. A. Kinzie III, C. Chong, J. Devrell, D. Lindstrom, R. Wolff
2006, Pacific Science (60) 1-47
A 3-year study of Wainiha River on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, was carried out to determine the impact that water removal had on key stream ecosystem parameters and functions. The study area included a diversion dam for a hydroelectric plant that removes water at an elevation of 213 m and returns it...
Magnesium compounds
D.A. Kramer
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 44-45
In 2005, seawater and natural brines accounted for 51% of US magnesium compounds production. World magnesia production was estimated to be 14.5 Mt. Most of the production came from China, North Korea, Russia and Turkey. Although no specific production figures are available, Japan and the United States are estimated to...
Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in San Francisco Bay
S.E. Schwarzbach, J.D. Albertson, C.M. Thomas
2006, The Auk (123) 45-60
We assessed the reproductive success of the California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), an endangered subspecies restricted to San Francisco Bay, and the relative importance of predation, flooding, and contaminants as factors affecting that success. Our study was conducted in six tidal marshes in the northern and southern reaches of...
State summaries: West Virginia
B.M. Blake, N. Fedorko, G.H. McColloch
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 122-125
West Virginia mines coal, limestone, sandstone, gravel, clay and other nonfuel materials. Limestone production figures for 2005 are not yet available but in 2004, limestone production accounted for 85.7% of noncoal production on a tonnage basis. In 2005, 327 coal mines reported production during the year. Underground mining accounted for...
Sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia
A. Moore, Y. Nishimura, G. Gelfenbaum, T. Kamataki, R. Triyono
2006, Earth, Planets and Space (58) 253-258
The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami flooded coastal northern Sumatra to a depth of over 20 m, deposited a discontinuous sheet of sand up to 80 cm thick, and left mud up to 5 km inland. In most places the sand sheet is normally graded, and in some it contains complex internal...
North Slope, Alaska: Source rock distribution, richness, thermal maturity, and petroleum charge
K. E. Peters, L. B. Magoon, K. J. Bird, Z. C. Valin, M.A. Keller
2006, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (90) 261-292
Four key marine petroleum source rock units were identified, characterized, and mapped in the subsurface to better understand the origin and distribution of petroleum on the North Slope of Alaska. These marine source rocks, from oldest to youngest, include four intervals: (1) Middle-Upper Triassic Shublik Formation, (2) basal condensed section...
Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: Implications and challenges
A.L. Michel, Roy G. Bengis, D.F. Keet, M. Hofmeyr, L. M. De Klerk, P.C. Cross, Anna E. Jolles, D. Cooper, I.J. Whyte, P. Buss, J. Godfroid
2006, Veterinary Microbiology (112) 91-100
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, was first diagnosed in African buffalo in South Africa's Kruger National Park in 1990. Over the past 15 years the disease has spread northwards leaving only the most northern buffalo herds unaffected. Evidence suggests that 10 other small and large mammalian species, including large predators,...
Industrial diamond
D.W. Olson
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 36-37
In 2005, estimated world production of natural and synthetic industrial diamond was 630 million carats. Natural industrial diamond deposits were found in more than 35 countries. Synthetic industrial diamond is produced in at least 15 countries. More than 81% of the combined natural and synthetic global output was produced in...
A Bayesian random effects discrete-choice model for resource selection: Population-level selection inference
D.L. Thomas, D. Johnson, B. Griffith
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 404-412
Modeling the probability of use of land units characterized by discrete and continuous measures, we present a Bayesian random-effects model to assess resource selection. This model provides simultaneous estimation of both individual- and population-level selection. Deviance information criterion (DIC), a Bayesian alternative to AIC that is sample-size specific, is used...
Teachers doing science: An authentic geology research experience for teachers
D. Hemler, T. Repine
2006, Journal of Geoscience Education (54) 93-102
Fairmont State University (FSU) and the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (WVGES) provided a small pilot group of West Virginia science teachers with a professional development session designed to mimic experiences obtained by geology majors during a typical summer field camp. Called GEOTECH, the program served as a research...
Inverse modeling for seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Insights about parameter sensitivities, variances, correlations and estimation procedures derived from the Henry problem
E. Sanz, C.I. Voss
2006, Advances in Water Resources (29) 439-457
Inverse modeling studies employing data collected from the classic Henry seawater intrusion problem give insight into several important aspects of inverse modeling of seawater intrusion problems and effective measurement strategies for estimation of parameters for seawater intrusion. Despite the simplicity of the Henry problem, it embodies the behavior of a...
Polychlorinated biphenyl congener patterns in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, using a novel statistical approach
Christine M. Custer, L.B. Read
2006, Environmental Pollution (142) 235-245
A novel application of a commonly used statistical approach was used to examine differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener Patterns among locations and sample matrices in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed in western Massachusetts. USA. The most prevalent PCB congeners in tree swallow tissue samples...
Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben
Steven M. Colman
2006, Sedimentary Geology (185) 113-125
A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah–Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the...
Natural history, field ecology, conservation biology and wildlife management: Time to connect the dots
R. Bruce Bury
2006, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (1) 56-61
Natural history and field ecology are essential building blocks for successful conservation and management of herpetofauna. Thus, natural history and field ecology merit major infusions of funding and increased recognition of their importance in science and management. Others have stated matters well: (1) Academic training in natural history should receive...
Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history
Andrew T. Calvert, Marvin A. Lanphere
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 1-18
Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield 40Ar/39Ar ages from 212 ± 38 to 280 ± 20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234 ± 9 and...
Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii
P. Hershberger, A. Hart, J. Gregg, N. Elder, J. Winton
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (70) 201-208
Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially...
Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers
F.M. Ralph, P.J. Neiman, G.A. Wick, S.I. Gutman, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan, A.B. White
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Experimental observations collected during meteorological field studies conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration near the Russian River of coastal northern California are combined with SSM/I satellite observations offshore to examine the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in the creation of flooding. While recent studies have documented the characteristics...
Relevance of cryptic fishes in biodiversity assessments: A case study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix
W. F. Smith-Vaniz, H.L. Jelks, L.A. Rocha
2006, Bulletin of Marine Science (79) 17-48
Because cryptic fishes are difficult to accurately survey, they are undersampled components of coral reef habitats, and their ecological roles have been generally ignored. Fifty-eight enclosed stations were sampled in shoreline, nearshore reef, lagoon, backreef, forereef, and bank/shelf habitats with an ichthyocide (rotenone) at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St....
Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides
C. Hu, F. E. Muller-Karger, P.W. Swarzenski
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
A Karenia brevis Harmful Algal Bloom affected coastal waters shallower than 50 m off west-central Florida from January 2005 through January 2006, showing a sustained anomaly of ???1 mg chlorophyll m-3 over an area of up to 67,500 km2. Red tides occur in the same area (approximately 26-29??N, 82-83??W) almost...
Detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum DNA in salmonid tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis
D.M. Chase, D.G. Elliott, R.J. Pascho
2006, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (18) 375-380
Renibacterium salmoninarum is an important salmonid pathogen that is difficult to culture. We developed and assessed a real-time, quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection and enumeration of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR is based on TaqMan technology and amplifies a 69-base pair (bp) region of the gene encoding...
Current subsidence rates due to compaction of Holocene sediments in southern Louisiana
T.A. Meckel, Uri S. ten Brink, S.J. Williams
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Relative contributions of geologic and anthropogenic processes to subsidence of southern Louisiana are vigorously debated. Of these, shallow sediment compaction is often considered dominant, although this has never been directly observed or effectively demonstrated. Quantitative understanding of subsidence is important for predicting relative sea level rise, storm surge flooding due...
Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, P. Lacombe, C. D. Johnson, J.W. Lane Jr.
2006, Geophysics (71) A39-A42
The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data...
Satellite-derived, melt-season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000-2005) and its relationship to mass balance
D.K. Hall, R.S. Williams Jr., K.A. Casey, N.E. DiGirolamo, Z. Wan
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet was measured for each melt season from 2000 to 2005 using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)–derived land-surface temperature (LST) data-product maps. During the period of most-active melt, the mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the ice sheet was highest in 2002 (−8.29 ±...
Vital effects in coral skeletal composition display strict three-dimensional control
A. Meibom, H. Yurimoto, J.-P. Cuif, I. Domart-Coulon, F. Houlbreque, B. Constantz, Y. Dauphin, E. Tambutte, S. Tambutte, D. Allemand, J. Wooden, R. Dunbar
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Biological control over coral skeletal composition is poorly understood but critically important to paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We present microanalytical measurements of trace-element abundances as well as oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of individual skeletal components in the zooxanthellate coral Colpophyllia sp. Our data show that centers of calcification (COC) have higher...
Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads
Z. Li, Y.-K. Zhang, K. Schilling, M. Skopec
2006, Journal of Hydrology (327) 389-398
Daily suspended sediment loads (S) were estimated using cokriging (CK) of S with daily river discharge based on weekly, biweekly, or monthly sampled sediment data. They were also estimated with ordinary kriging (OK) and a rating curve method. The estimated daily loads were compared with the daily measured values over...
