Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum
A. Sluijs, S. Schouten, M. Pagani, M. Woltering, H. Brinkhuis, J.S.S. Damste, G.R. Dickens, M. Huber, G.-J. Reichart, R. Stein, J. Matthiessen, L.J. Lourens, N. Pedentchouk, J. Backman, K. Moran, S. Clemens, T. Cronin, F. Eynaud, J. Gattacceca, M. Jakobsson, R. Jordan, M. Kaminski, J. King, N. Koc, N.C. Martinez, D. McInroy, T.C. Moore Jr., M. O’Regan, J. Onodera, H. Palike, B. Rea, D. Rio, T. Sakamoto, D. C. Smith, K.E.K. St John, I. Suto, N. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, M. E. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto
2006, Nature (441) 610-613
The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, ???55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic...
Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field
H. Sawyer, R. M. Nielson, F. Lindzey, L.L. McDonald
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 396-403
Increased levels of natural gas exploration, development, and production across the Intermountain West have created a variety of concerns for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations, including direct habitat loss to road and well-pad construction and indirect habitat losses that may occur if deer use declines near roads or well pads....
Studying toxicity
A. Elkus, L. LeBlanc, C. Kim, R. Van Beneden, G. Mayer
2006, International Water Power and Dam Construction (58) 30-32
With funding from the George Mitchell Center for the Environment at the University of Maine, a team of scientists used a simple laboratory-based sediment resuspension design, and two well-established aquatic toxicology models, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate if resuspension of Penobscot river sediment significantly elevates...
Estimating numbers of greater prairie-chickens using mark-resight techniques
A.M. Clifton, D.G. Krementz
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 479-484
Current monitoring efforts for greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) populations indicate that populations are declining across their range. Monitoring the population status of greater prairie-chickens is based on traditional lek surveys (TLS) that provide an index without considering detectability. Estimators, such as immigration-emigration joint maximum-likelihood estimator from a hypergeometric distribution...
Distribution, 14C chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones
David R. Sherrod, Jonathan T. Hagstrum, John P. McGeehin, Duane E. Champion, Frank A. Trusdell
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
New mapping and 60 new radiocarbon ages define the age and distribution of latest Pleistocene and Holocene (past 13,000 years) lava flows at Haleakalā volcano, Island of Maui. Paleomagnetic directions were determined for 118 sites, of which 89 are in lava flows younger than 13,000 years. The paleomagnetic data, in...
Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system, South Gobi, Mongolia
B.-E. Khashgerel, R. O. Rye, J.W. Hedenquist, I. Kavalieris
2006, Economic Geology (101) 503-522
The Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system in the South Gobi desert, Mongolia, comprises five deposits that extend over 6 km in a north-northeast-oriented zone. They occur in a middle to late Paleozoic are terrane and are related to Late Devonian quartz monzodiorite intrusions. The Hugo Dummett deposits are the northernmost...
State summaries: Idaho
V.S. Gillerman, M.J. Weaver, E. H. Bennett
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 80-85
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Idaho's preliminary nonfuel mineral production value jumped to $893 million in 2005. Principal minerals by value included molybdenum concentrates, phosphate rock, sand and gravel, silver and portland cement. The state ranked second in phosphate and garnet production, third in silver and pumice,...
Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California
R. Snieder, E. Safak
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 586-598
The motion of a building depends on the excitation, the coupling of the building to the ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We separate the building response from the excitation and the ground coupling by deconvolving the motion recorded at different levels in the building and apply this...
A molecular dawn for biogeochemistry
D.R. Zak, C.B. Blackwood, M. P. Waldrop
2006, Trends in Ecology and Evolution (21) 288-295
Biogeochemistry is at the dawn of an era in which molecular advances enable the discovery of novel microorganisms having unforeseen metabolic capabilities, revealing new insight into the underlying processes regulating elemental cycles at local to global scales. Traditionally, biogeochemical inquiry began by studying a process of interest, and then focusing...
Inverse approaches with lithologic information for a regional groundwater system in southwest Kansas
Ming-shu Tsou, S.P. Perkins, X. Zhan, Donald O. Whittemore, Lingyun Zheng
2006, Journal of Hydrology (318) 292-300
Two practical approaches incorporating lithologic information for groundwater modeling calibration are presented to estimate distributed, cell-based hydraulic conductivity. The first approach is to estimate optimal hydraulic conductivities for geological materials by incorporating thickness distribution of materials into inverse modeling. In the second approach, residuals for the groundwater model solution are...
Gas-water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins: CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, Texas, USA
Y.K. Kharaka, D.R. Cole, J.J. Thordsen, E. Kakouros, H.S. Nance
2006, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (89) 183-186
To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600??ton of CO2 were injected at ???1500 m depth into a 24-m sandstone section of the Frio Formation - a regional reservoir in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells...
Predicting water-surface fluctuation of continental lakes: A RS and GIS based approach in Central Mexico
M.E. Mendoza, G. Bocco, M. Bravo, Granados E. Lopez, W. R. Osterkamp
2006, Water Resources Management (20) 291-311
Changes in the water-surface area occupied by the Cuitzeo Lake, Mexico, during the 1974-2001 period are analysed in this study. The research is based on remote sensing and geographic information techniques, as well as statistical analysis. High-resolution satellite image data were used to analyse the 1974-2000 period, and very low-resolution...
Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5
J. Majzlan, A. Navrotsky, R. Blaine McCleskey, Charles N. Alpers
2006, European Journal of Mineralogy (18) 175-186
Enthalpies of formation of ferricopiapite [nominally Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2 (H2O)20]. coquimbite [Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)9], rhomboclase [(H3O)Fe(SO4)2 (H2O)3], and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 were measured by acid (5 N HCl) solution calorimetry. The samples were characterized by wet chemical analyses and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement of XRD patterns gave lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal factors,...
Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Z. Wang, E.W. Woolery
2006, Seismological Research Letters (77) 148-153
The recordings at the deepest vertical strong-motion array (VSAS) from three small events, the 21 October 2004 Tiptonville, Tennessee, earthquake; the 10 February 2005 Arkansas earthquake; and the 2 June 2005 Ridgely, Tennessee, earthquake show some interesting wave-propagation phenomena through the soils: the S-wave is attenuated from 260 m to...
Teachers doing science: An authentic geology research experience for teachers
D. Hemler, T. Repine
2006, Journal of Geoscience Education (54) 93-102
Fairmont State University (FSU) and the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (WVGES) provided a small pilot group of West Virginia science teachers with a professional development session designed to mimic experiences obtained by geology majors during a typical summer field camp. Called GEOTECH, the program served as a research...
KGS-HighK: A Fortran 90 program for simulation of hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers
X. Zhan, J.J. Butler Jr.
2006, Computers & Geosciences (32) 704-707
Slug and pumping tests (hydraulic tests) are frequently used by hydrogeologists to obtain in-situ estimates of the transmissive and storage properties of a formation (Streltsova, 1988; Kruseman and de Ridder, 1990; Butler, 1998). In aquifers of high hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic tests are affected by mechanisms that are not considered in...
An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps
C. Cramer
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1159-1169
Ground-motion attenuation relations have an important impact on seismic hazard analyses. Ground-motion modeling is particularly sensitive to assumptions about wave-propagation attenuation (crustal Q and geometrical spreading), as well as source and site conditions. Studies of path attenuation from earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) provide insights into the appropriateness of...
Widespread presence of naturally occurring perchlorate in high plains of Texas and New Mexico
S. Rajagopalan, T.A. Anderson, L. Fahlquist, Ken A. Rainwater, M. Ridley, W.A. Jackson
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 3156-3162
Perchlorate (ClO4-) occurrence in groundwater has previously been linked to industrial releases and the historic use of Chilean nitrate fertilizers. However, recently a number of occurrences have been identified for which there is no obvious anthropogenic source. Groundwater from an area of 155 000 km2 in 56 counties in northwest...
Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface
R. H. Brown, R. N. Clark, B. J. Buratti, D. P. Cruikshank, J. W. Barnes, R.M.E. Mastrapa, J. Bauer, S. Newman, T. Momary, K. H. Baines, G. Bellucci, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, M. Combes, A. Coradini, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langavin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, R.M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin
2006, Science (311) 1425-1428
Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly...
Genetic and demographic criteria for defining population units for conservation: The value of clear messages
Daniel Esler, S. A. Iverson, D.J. Rizzolo
2006, Condor (108) 480-483
In a recent paper on Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) interannual site fidelity (Iverson et al. 2004), we concluded that wintering populations were demographically structured at a finer geographic scale than that at which genetic differentiation was observed and that conservation efforts should recognize this degree of demographic independence. In a...
Status of soil acidification in North America
M.E. Fenn, T.G. Huntington, S.B. Mclaughlin, C. Eagar, A. Gomez, R.B. Cook
2006, Journal of Forest Science (52) 3-13
Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur...
Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii
M.K. Presto, A.S. Ogston, C. D. Storlazzi, M.E. Field
2006, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (67) 67-81
A multi-year study was conducted on a shallow fringing reef flat on Molokai, Hawaii to determine the temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of terrigenous suspended sediment. During this study, trade-wind conditions existed for the majority of the year on the reef flat. The trade-wind conditions produced strong currents and resuspended...
Character and distribution of exposed glaciodeltaic deposits off outer Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and their effects on hydrogeology and benthic habitats
L.J. Poppe, D.S. Foster, W. W. Danforth
2006, Geo-Marine Letters (26) 51-57
Seabed outcrops of glaciodeltaic sediments were identified in four places east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during seismic-reflection, multibeam bathymetric and backscatter, bottom photographic, and sediment sampling surveys. These strata record coarser-grained ice-proximal glaciofluvial topset to finer-grained distal glaciolacustrine bottomset deposition within deltaic systems that prograded southwestward into glacial lakes from...
Unusual Holocene and late Pleistocene carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA
W. Dean, J. Rosenbaum, G. Skipp, S. Colman, R. Forester, A. Liu, K. Simmons, J. Bischoff
2006, Sedimentary Geology (185) 93-112
Bear Lake (Utah-Idaho, USA) has been producing large quantities of carbonate minerals of varying mineralogy for the past 17,000 years. The history of sedimentation in Bear Lake is documented through the study of isotopic ratios of oxygen, carbon, and strontium, percent organic carbon, percent CaCO3, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, HCl-leach inorganic...
Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California
S. Gao, S. Goldberg, M.J. Herbel, A.T. Chalmers, R. Fujii, K.K. Tanji
2006, Chemical Geology (228) 33-43
Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes...
