Monitoring urban subsidence based on SAR lnterferometric point target analysis
Y. Zhang, Jiahua Zhang, W. Gong, Z. Lu
2009, Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica (38) 482-493
lnterferometric point target analysis (IPTA) is one of the latest developments in radar interferometric processing. It is achieved by analysis of the interferometric phases of some individual point targets, which are discrete and present temporarily stable backscattering characteristics, in long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. This paper analyzes the...
Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential
M.W. Diebel, J.T. Maxted, Dale M. Robertson, S. Han, M. J. Vander Zanden
2009, Environmental Management (43) 69-83
Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction...
Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits
C. A. Johnson, P. Emsbo, F. G. Poole, R. O. Rye
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 133-147
Sulfur- and oxygen-isotope analyses have been obtained for sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits in Alaska, Nevada, Mexico, and China to examine the environment of formation of this deposit type. The barite is contained in sedimentary sequences as old as Late Neoproterozoic and as young as Mississippian. If previously published data for...
Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios
J. Sears, Scott A. Hatch, D. M. O’Brien
2009, Oecologia (159) 41-48
A growing number of studies suggest that an individual’s physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather δ15N...
Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction
John Doherty, Randall J. Hunt
2009, Journal of Hydrology (366) 119-127
Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics...
Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california
W. Russell, J. Shulzitski, A. Setty
2009, Ecological Restoration (27) 439-448
The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the...
Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context
S. I. Stewart, B. Wilmer, R. B. Hammer, G. H. Aplet, T. J. Hawbaker, C. Miller, V. C. Radeloff
2009, Journal of Forestry (107) 78-83
Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the...
An assessment of African test sites in the context of a global network of quality-assured reference standards
G. Chander, X. Xiong, A. Angal, T. Choi
2009, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Infrared and Visible Optical Sensors (IVOS) subgroup members established a set of CEOS-endorsed globally distributed reference standard test sites for the postlaunch calibration of space-based optical imaging sensors. This paper discusses the top five African pseudo-invariant sites (Libya 4, Mauritania 1/2, Algeria 3,...
Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas
Larry R. Brown, Thomas F. Cuffney, James F. Coles, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Gerard McMahon, Jeffrey Steuer, Amanda H. Bell, Jason T. May
2009, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (28) 1051-1069
Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and...
Linking hydraulic properties of fire-affected soils to infiltration and water repellency
J. A. Moody, D.A. Kinner, X. Ubeda
2009, Journal of Hydrology (379) 291-303
Heat from wildfires can produce a two-layer system composed of extremely dry soil covered by a layer of ash, which when subjected to rainfall, may produce extreme floods. To understand the soil physics controlling runoff for these initial conditions, we used a small, portable disk infiltrometer to measure two hydraulic...
Late Pleistocene Sea level on the New Jersey Margin: Implications to eustasy and deep-sea temperature
J.D. Wright, R. E. Sheridan, K.G. Miller, J. Uptegrove, B.S. Cramer, J.V. Browning
2009, Global and Planetary Change (66) 93-99
We assembled and dated a late Pleistocene sea-level record based on sequence stratigraphy from the New Jersey margin and compared it with published records from fossil uplifted coral reefs in New Guinea, Barbados, and Araki Island, as well as a composite sea-level estimate from scaling of Red Sea isotopic values....
Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2009, Continental Shelf Research (29) 148-158
Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level,...
Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep
K.M. Longshore, C. Lowrey, D.B. Thompson
2009, Journal of Arid Environments (73) 280-286
Artificial water sources have been used for decades to enhance and restore wildlife habitat but the benefits of their use have been subject to debate. During the past century, the number of natural springs in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA, has declined. In response to concerns about the viability...
Approximation to cutoffs of higher modes of Rayleigh waves for a layered earth model
Y. Xu, J. Xia, R. D. Miller
2009, Pure and Applied Geophysics (166) 339-351
A cutoff defines the long-period termination of a Rayleigh-wave higher mode and, therefore is a key characteristic of higher mode energy relationship to several material properties of the subsurface. Cutoffs have been used to estimate the shear-wave velocity of an underlying half space of a layered earth model. In this...
Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events
Jeannie R.B. Barlow, Richard H. Coupe
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Using heat as a tracer, quantitative estimates of streambed fluxes and the critical stage for flow reversal were calculated for high‐flow events that occurred on the Bogue Phalia (a tributary of the Mississippi River) following the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In June 2005, piezometers were installed in the Bogue...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification
C.S. Moses, S. Andrefouet, C. Kranenburg, F. E. Muller-Karger
2009, Marine Ecology Progress Series (380) 103-115
Using imagery at 30 m spatial resolution from the most recent Landsat satellite, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), we scale up reef metabolic productivity and calcification from local habitat-scale (10 -1 to 100 km2) measurements to regional scales (103 to 104 km2). Distribution and spatial extent of...
Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems
J. Colt, B. Watten, M. Rust
2009, Aquacultural Engineering (40) 28-44
In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can...
Offshore double-planed shallow seismic zone in the NE Japan forearc region revealed by sP depth phases recorded by regional networks
S.S.N. Gamage, N. Umino, A. Hasegawa, S. H. Kirby
2009, Geophysical Journal International (178) 195-214
We detected the sP depth phase at small epicentral distances of about 150 km or more in the seismograms of shallow earthquakes in the NE Japan forearc region. The focal depths of 1078 M > 3 earthquakes that occurred from 2000 to 2006 were precisely determined using the time delay...
Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization
C. Bouligand, J.M.G. Glen, R.J. Blakely
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed...
Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery
L. Yang, L. Jiang, H. Lin, M. Liao
2009, GIScience and Remote Sensing (46) 161-171
In this study, we explored the potential to improve urban impervious surface modeling and mapping with the synergistic use of optical and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imagery. We used a Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-based approach to test the feasibility and accuracy of quantifying Impervious Surface Percentage (ISP) using...
The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model
W. A. Shoults-Wilson, J.T. Peterson, J. M. Unrine, J. Rickard, M.C. Black
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2224-2232
In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, USA). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment)...
Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails
Danika C. Tsao, A. Keith Miles, John Y. Takekawa, Isa Woo
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (56) 292-301
San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary sediments contain high levels of mercury (Hg), and tidal marsh resident species may be vulnerable to Hg contamination. We examined Hg concentrations in California black rails, a threatened waterbird species that inhabits SFB tidal salt marshes. We captured 127 black rails during the prebreeding and...
Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey
Fatih Bulut, Marco Bohnhoff, William L. Ellsworth, Mustafa Aktar, Georg Dresen
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114) 1-16
The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) below the Sea of Marmara forms a “seismic gap” where a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. This segment of the fault lies between the 1912 Ganos and 1999 İzmit ruptures and is the only NAFZ segment that has not...
Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population
K.C. Kendall, J.B. Stetz, J. Boulanger, A.C. Macleod, David Paetkau, Gary C. White
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 3-17
Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort...
