Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa
S. Bar-David, I. Bar-David, P.C. Cross, S.J. Ryan, C.U. Knechtel, W.M. Getz
2009, Ecology (90) 2467-2479
Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions"). Identification...
Response of Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) riverine roosting habitat to changes in stage and sandbar morphology
P.J. Kinzel, J. M. Nelson, A.K. Heckman
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 135-152
Over the past century, flow regulation and vegetation encroachment have reduced active channel widths along the central Platte River, Nebraska. During the last two decades, an annual program of in-channel vegetation management has been implemented to stabilize or expand active channel widths. Vegetation management practices are intended to enhance riverine...
Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model
G. Mountrakis, R. Watts, L. Luo, Jingyuan Wang
2009, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (75) 831-843
This paper presents a hierarchical, multi-stage adaptive strategy for image classification. We iteratively apply various classification methods (e.g., decision trees, neural networks), identify regions of parametric and geographic space where accuracy is low, and in these regions, test and apply alternate methods repeating the process until the entire image is...
Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: The view from Medicine Lake
Scott W. Starratt
2009, Hydrobiologia (631) 197-211
Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were...
Freshwater ecosystems and resilience of Pacific salmon: Habitat Management based on natural variability
P.A. Bisson, J. B. Dunham, G.H. Reeves
2009, Ecology and Society (14)
In spite of numerous habitat restoration programs in fresh waters with an aggregate annual funding of millions of dollars, many populations of Pacific salmon remain significantly imperiled. Habitat restoration strategies that address limited environmental attributes and partial salmon life-history requirements or approaches that attempt to force aquatic habitat to conform...
Spatial and seasonal variations in mercury methylation and microbial community structure in a historic mercury mining area, Yolo County, California
J.M. Holloway, M. B. Goldhaber, K.M. Scow, R.E. Drenovsky
2009, Chemical Geology (267) 85-95
The relationships between soil parent lithology, nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass and community structure were evaluated in soils from a small watershed impacted by historic Hg mining. Upland and wetland soils, stream sediments and tailings were collected and analyzed for nutrients (DOC, SO4=, NO3-), Hg, MeHg, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)....
Effects of sampling interval on spatial patterns and statistics of watershed nitrogen concentration
S.-S.D. Wu, E.L. Usery, M.P. Finn, D.D. Bosch
2009, GIScience and Remote Sensing (46) 172-186
This study investigates how spatial patterns and statistics of a 30 m resolution, model-simulated, watershed nitrogen concentration surface change with sampling intervals from 30 m to 600 m for every 30 m increase for the Little River Watershed (Georgia, USA). The results indicate that the mean, standard deviation, and variogram...
Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset
L.V. Stanislawski
2009, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (33) 325-333
The United States Geological Survey has been researching generalization approaches to enable multiple-scale display and delivery of geographic data. This paper presents automated methods to prune network and polygon features of the United States high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) to lower resolutions. Feature-pruning rules, data enrichment, and partitioning are derived...
Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging
Jorge E. Osorio, Keith P. Iams, Carol U. Meteyer, Tonie E. Rocke
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in...
On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (VS30)
T.I. Allen, D.J. Wald
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 935-943
An alternative method has recently been proposed for evaluating global seismic site conditions, or the average shear velocity to 30 m depth (VS30), from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 arcsec digital elevation models (DEMs). The basic premise of the method is that the topographic slope can be used...
Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: Fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin
E.E. Osnas, D.M. Heisey, R.E. Rolley, M.D. Samuel
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1311-1322
Emerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife populations and human health. Understanding the spatial distributions of these new diseases is important for disease management and policy makers; however, the data are complicated by heterogeneities across host classes, sampling variance, sampling biases, and the space-time epidemic process. Ignoring these issues can lead to...
Use of non-natal estuaries by migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in summer
M. E. Mather, John T. Finn, K.H. Ferry, Linda A. Deegan, G.A. Nelson
2009, Fishery Bulletin (107) 329-338
For most migratory fish, little is known about the location and size of foraging areas or how long individuals remain in foraging areas, even though these attributes may affect their growth, survival, and impact on local prey. We tested whether striped bass (Morone saxatilis Walbaum), found in Massachusetts in summer,...
An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling
T.I. Allen, D.J. Wald, P.S. Earle, K. D. Marano, A.J. Hotovec, K. Lin, M.G. Hearne
2009, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (7) 701-718
We present an Atlas of ShakeMaps and a catalog of human population exposures to moderate-to-strong ground shaking (EXPO-CAT) for recent historical earthquakes (1973-2007). The common purpose of the Atlas and exposure catalog is to calibrate earthquake loss models to be used in the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global...
Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels
Martin A. Stapanian, Patrick M. Kocovsky, Jean V. Adams
2009, Freshwater Biology (54) 1593-1604
1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the...
Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale
E.M. Chesnokov, D.K. Tiwary, I.O. Bayuk, M.A. Sparkman, R.L. Brown
2009, Conference Paper, Geophysical Journal International
The estimation of illite-rich shale anisotropy to account for the alignment of clays and gas- or brine-filled cracks is presented via mathematical modelling. Such estimation requires analysis to interpret the dominance of one effect over another. This knowledge can help to evaluate the permeability in the unconventional reservoir, stress orientation,...
Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake
David M. Boore, A.A. Skarlatoudis, B.N. Margaris, B.P. Costas, C. Ventouzi
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2410-2434
An M 6.7 intermediate-depth (66 km), in-slab earthquake occurring near the island of Kythera in Greece on 8 January 2006 was well recorded on networks of stations equipped with acceleration sensors and with broadband velocity sensors. All data were recorded digitally using recording instruments with resolutions ranging from almost 11...
Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: Implications for climate feedbacks
Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Anthony D. McGuire, F. Stuart Chapin III, S. Yi, Catharine Copass Thompson
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1022-1043
Assessing potential future changes in arctic and boreal plant species productivity, ecosystem composition, and canopy complexity is essential for understanding environmental responses under expected altered climate forcing. We examined potential changes in the dominant plant functional types (PFTs) of the sedge tundra, shrub tundra, and boreal forest ecosystems in ecotonal...
Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents
K.M. Reifel, S.C. Johnson, P.M. DiGiacomo, M.J. Mengel, N.P. Nezlin, J.A. Warrick, B.H. Jones
2009, Continental Shelf Research (29) 1821-1835
The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river...
A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault
Michael Barall
2009, Geophysical Journal International (178) 845-859
We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of...
Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip
N.M. Beeler
2009, Pure and Applied Geophysics (166) 1775-1798
For the purpose of modeling natural fault slip, a useful result from an experimental fault mechanics study would be a physically-based constitutive relation that well characterizes all the relevant observations. This report describes an approach for constructing such equations. Where possible the construction intends to identify or, at least, attribute...
Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models
B. P. Horton, W.R. Peltier, S.J. Culver, R. Drummond, S.E. Engelhart, A.C. Kemp, D. Mallinson, E.R. Thieler, S.R. Riggs, D.V. Ames, K.H. Thomson
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 1725-1736
We have synthesized new and existing relative sea-level (RSL) data to produce a quality-controlled, spatially comprehensive database from the North Carolina coastline. The RSL database consists of 54 sea-level index points that are quantitatively related to an appropriate tide level and assigned an error estimate, and a further 33 limiting...
Coastal marsh response to historical and future sea-level acceleration
M. Kirwan, S. Temmerman
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 1801-1808
We consider the response of marshland to accelerations in the rate of sea-level rise by utilizing two previously described numerical models of marsh elevation. In a model designed for the Scheldt Estuary (Belgium-SW Netherlands), a feedback between inundation depth and suspended sediment concentrations allows marshes to quickly adjust their elevation...
Basanite-nephelinite suite from early Kilauea: Carbonated melts of phlogopite-garnet peridotite at Hawaii's leading magmatic edge
T. W. Sisson, Jun-Ichi Kimura, M.L. Coombs
2009, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (158) 803-829
A basanite-nephelinite glass suite from early submarine Kilauea defines a continuous compositional array marked by increasing concentrations of incompatible components with decreasing SiO2, MgO, and Al2O3. Like peripheral and post-shield strongly alkalic Hawaiian localities (Clague et al. in J Volcanol Geotherm Res 151:279-307, 2006; Dixon et al. in J Pet...
Time-series modeling of reservoir effects on river nitrate concentrations
A.L. Schoch, K. E. Schilling, K.-S. Chan
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 1197-1205
Saylorville Reservoir is a 24.1 km2 impoundment of the Des Moines River located approximately 10 km north of the City of Des Moines, Iowa, USA. Surface water from the Des Moines River used for drinking water supply is impaired for nitrate-nitrogen. Monthly mean nitrate concentration data collected upstream and downstream...
A tangled tale of two teal: Population history of the grey Anas gracilis and chestnut teal a. castanea of Australia
L. Joseph, G.J. Adcock, C. Linde, K.E. Omland, R. Heinsohn, Chesser R. Terry, D. Roshier
2009, Journal of Avian Biology (40) 430-439
Two Australian species of teal (Anseriformes: Anatidae: Anas), the grey teal Anas gracilis and the chestnut teal A. castanea, are remarkable for the zero or near-zero divergence recorded between them in earlier surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. We confirmed this result through wider geographical and population sampling as well...
