Seamount characteristics and mine-site model applied to exploration- and mining-lease-block selection for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts
James R. Hein, Tracey A. Conrad, Rachel E. Dunham
2009, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (27) 160-176
Regulations are being developed through the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) for the exploration and mining of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. This paper lays out geologic and geomorphologic criteria that can be used to determine the size and number of exploration and mine-site blocks that will be the focus of much discussion...
An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
J.F. Fairchild, A.L. Allert, K.P. Feltz, K.J. Nelson, J.A. Valle
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (57) 725-731
Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). However, there are no published chronic toxicity...
Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice
Mark S. Udevitz, Chadwick V. Jay, Anthony S. Fischbach, J. L. Garlich-Miller
2009, Canadian Journal of Zoology (87) 1111-1128
Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting popula-tion surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Il-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea...
Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water
F. H. Chapelle, P. M. Bradley, D.J. Goode, C. Tiedeman, P.J. Lacombe, K. Kaiser, R. Benner
2009, Ground Water (47) 108-121
The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon‐normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as...
HRSC: High resolution stereo camera
G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, A.T. Basilevsky, A. Dumke, S. Van Gasselt, B. Giese, E. Hauber, J. W. Head III, C. Heipke, N. Hoekzema, H. Hoffmann, R. Greeley, K. Gwinner, R. Kirk, W. Markiewicz, T. B. McCord, G. Michael, Jan-Peter Muller, J.B. Murray, J. Oberst, P. Pinet, R. Pischel, T. Roatsch, F. Scholten, K. Willner
2009, Conference Paper, European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP
The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of the mapping phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20...
Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary
Brian R. Gray, David Bushek, J. Wanzer Drane, Dwayne Porter
2009, Ecotoxicology (18) 259-269
Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen Perkinsus marinus have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels....
Response of the everglades ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th-century water management
C.E. Bernhardt, Debra A. Willard
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1723-1738
The ridge and slough landscape of the Florida Everglades consists of a mosaic of linear sawgrass ridges separated by deeper-water sloughs with tree islands interspersed throughout the landscape. We used pollen assemblages from transects of sediment cores spanning sawgrass ridges, sloughs, and ridge-slough transition zones to determine the timing of...
A controlled field pilot for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models
L.H. Spangler, L.M. Dobeck, K. Repasky, A. Nehrir, S. Humphries, C. Keith, J. Shaw, J. Rouse, A. Cunningham, S. Benson, C.M. Oldenburg, J.L. Lewicki, A. Wells, R. Diehl, B. Strazisar, J. Fessenden, Thomas Rahn, J. Amonette, J. Barr, W. Pickles, J. Jacobson, E. Silver, E. Male, H. Rauch, K. Gullickson, R. Trautz, Y. Kharaka, J. Birkholzer, L. Wielopolski
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
A field facility has been developed to allow controlled studies of near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. The key component of the facility is a shallow, slotted horizontal well divided into six zones. The scale and fluxes were designed to address large scale CO2 storage projects and desired retention...
Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM) III: Scenario analysis
J. A. Huisman, L. Breuer, H. Bormann, A. Bronstert, B.F.W. Croke, H.-G. Frede, T. Graff, L. Hubrechts, A.J. Jakeman, G. Kite, J. Lanini, G. Leavesley, D.P. Lettenmaier, G. Lindstrom, J. Seibert, M. Sivapalan, N.R. Viney, P. Willems
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 159-170
An ensemble of 10 hydrological models was applied to the same set of land use change scenarios. There was general agreement about the direction of changes in the mean annual discharge and 90% discharge percentile predicted by the ensemble members, although a considerable range in the magnitude of predictions for...
Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions
S. Yi, K. Manies, J. Harden, A. D. McGuire
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Soil organic layers (OL) play an important role in landatmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon in cold environments. The proper implementation of OL in land surface and ecosystem models is important for predicting dynamic responses to climate warming. Based on the analysis of OL samples of black spruce (Picea...
Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach
S.W. Lansing, S.M. Cooper, E. E. Boydston, K.E. Holekamp
2009, Paleobiology (35) 289-309
The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depo-sitional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens....
High-resolution seismic-reflection images across the ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep drilling site, Chesapeake Bay impact structure
David S. Powars, Rufus D. Catchings, Mark R. Goldman, Gregory Gohn, J. Wright Horton, Jr., Lucy E. Edwards, Michael J. Rymer, G. Gandhok
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 209-233
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired two 1.4-km-long, high-resolution (~5 m vertical resolution) seismic-reflection lines in 2006 that cross near the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)–USGS Eyreville deep drilling site located above the late Eocene...
Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York
S. Gilchrist, A. Gates, Z. Szabo, P. J. Lamothe
2009, Environmental Geology (57) 397-409
A sulfur and trace element enriched U-Th-laced tailings pile at the abandoned Phillips Mine in Garrison, New York, releases acid mine drainage (AMD, generally pH < 3, minimum pH 1.78) into the first-order Copper Mine Brook (CMB) that drains into the Hudson River. The pyrrhotite-rich Phillips Mine is located in...
Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models
D.R. Breininger, J.D. Nichols, G.M. Carter, D.M. Oddy
2009, Ecology (90) 3180-3189
Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of...
Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland
H.J. Lee, H. Gary Greene, B. D. Edwards, M. A. Fisher, W. R. Normark
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 251-269
Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than ??2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide...
The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit
G.E. Graham, K.D. Kelley
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 232-245
The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately...
Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data
S.S. Haines, Adam Pidlisecky, R. Knight
2009, Near Surface Geophysics (7) 329-339
With the goal of improving the understanding of the subsurface structure beneath the Harkins Slough recharge pond in Pajaro Valley, California, USA, we have undertaken a multimodal approach to develop a robust velocity model to yield an accurate seismic reflection section. Our shear-wave reflection section helps us identify and map...
Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
C. Mullinix, P. Hearn, H. Zhang, J. Aguinaldo
2009, Conference Paper, 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009
Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called...
Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous
M.B. Suarez, Luis A. Gonzalez, Greg A. Ludvigson, F.J. Vega, J. Alvarado-Ortega
2009, Geological Society of America Bulletin (121) 1584-1595
The response of the hydrologic cycle in global greenhouse conditions is important to our understanding of future climate change and to the calibration of global climate models. Past greenhouse conditions, such as those of the Cretaceous, can be used to provide empirical data with which to evaluate climate models. Recent...
Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano
Elizabeth J. Cassel, Andrew T. Calvert, Stephan A. Graham
2009, International Geology Review (51) 723-742
To gain a better understanding of the topographic and landscape evolution of the Cenozoic Sierra Nevada and Basin and Range, we combine geochemical and isotopic age correlations with palaeoaltimetry data from widely distributed ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. A sequence of Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrites is preserved across the...
Simulating and understanding sand wave variation: A case study of the Golden Gate sand waves
F. Sterlini, S.J.M.H. Hulscher, D.M. Hanes
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (114)
In this paper we present a detailed comparison between measured features of the Golden Gate sand wave field and the results of a nonlinear sand wave model. Because the Golden Gate sand waves exhibit large variation in their characteristics and in their environmental physics, this area gives us the opportunity...
Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals
Yajing Liu, W. Liu, Z. Peng, Y. Xiao, G. Wei, W. Sun, J. He, Gaisheng Liu, C. L. Chou
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 1264-1272
We used positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry (PTIMS) to generate high precision ??11B records in Porites corals of the mid-late Holocene from the South China Sea (SCS). The ??11B values of the Holocene corals vary significantly, ranging from 22.2??? to 25.5???. The paleo-pH records of the SCS, reconstructed from the...
Mesozoic magmatism in an upper- to middle-crustal section through the Cordilleran continental margin arc, eastern Transverse Ranges, California
S.K. Needy, J. L. Anderson, J. L. Wooden, R.J. Fleck, A. P. Barth, Scott R. Paterson, V. Memeti, G.S. Pignotta
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 187-218
The eastern Transverse Ranges provide essentially continuous exposure for >100 km across the strike of the Mesozoic Cordilleran orogen. Thermobarometric calculations based on hornblende and plagioclase compositions in Mesozoic plutonic rocks show that the fi rst-order distribution of rock units resulted from differential Laramide exhumation. Mesozoic supracrustal rocks are preserved...
Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction
H.J. Dowsett, M.M. Robinson, K.M. Foley
2009, Climate of the Past Discussions (5) 1901-1928
A snapshot of the thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water tempera-5 ture estimates produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry. This reconstruction assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which...
Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger
Chris Reij, Melinda Smale, G. Gray Tappan
David J. Spielman, Rajul Pandya-Lorch, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development
The Sahel—the belt of land that stretches across Africa on the southern edge of the Sahara—has always been a tough place to farm. Rainfall is low and droughts are frequent. The crust of hard soil is, at times, almost impermeable, and harsh winds threaten to sweep away everything in their...
