Hydrogeologic framework refinement, ground-water flow and storage, water-chemistry analyses, and water-budget components of the Yuma area, southwestern Arizona and southeastern California
Jesse E. Dickinson, Michael Land, Claudia C. Faunt, S. A. Leake, Eric G. Reichard, John B. Fleming, D. R. Pool
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5135
The ground-water and surface-water system in the Yuma area in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California is managed intensely to meet water-delivery requirements of customers in the United States, to manage high ground-water levels in the valleys, and to maintain treaty-mandated water-quality and quantity requirements of Mexico. The following components in...
Water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida, from 1954 to 2004, and effects on floodplain habitats
Helen M. Light, Kirk R. Vincent, Melanie R. Darst, Franklin D. Price
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5173
From 1954 to 2004, water levels declined in the nontidal reach of the Apalachicola River, Florida, as a result of long-term changes in stage-discharge relations. Channel widening and deepening, which occurred throughout much of the river, apparently caused the declines. The period of most rapid channel enlargement began in 1954...
Rates of evapotranspiration, recharge from precipitation beneath selected areas of native vegetation, and streamflow gain and loss in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California
Douglas K. Maurer, David L. Berger, Mary L. Tumbusch, Michael J. Johnson
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5288
Rapid growth and development in Carson Valley is causing concern over the continued availability of water resources to sustain such growth into the future. A study to address concerns over water resources and to update estimates of water-budget components in Carson Valley was begun in 2003 by the U.S. Geological...
Section 3. The SPARROW Surface Water-Quality Model—Theory, application and user documentation
Gregory Schwarz, Anne B. Hoos, R. B. Alexander, R. A. Smith
2006, Techniques and Methods 6-B3
SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) is a watershed modeling technique for relating water-quality measurements made at a network of monitoring stations to attributes of the watersheds containing the stations. The core of the model consists of a nonlinear regression equation describing the non-conservative transport of contaminants from point...
Fossils from the Middle Jurassic Wanakah formation near Delta in western Colorado
R. B. O'Sullivan, M.A. Carey, S.C. Good
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5105
The Middle Jurassic Wanakah Formation averages about 30 m in thickness in Colorado. Fossils are sparse and include fish, ostracodes, and trace fossils. A thin (0.03-0.45 m) fossil bed near the middle of the formation extends for some 48 km along the northeast flank of the Uncompahgre Plateau near Delta....
Monitoring the Recovery of the Sparta Aquifer in Southern Arkansas and Northern Louisiana
Rheannon M. Scheiderer, David A. Freiwald
2006, Fact Sheet 2006-3090
The Sparta aquifer supplies the majority of water for industrial, municipal, and agricultural uses in Union County, Arkansas, and the surrounding area. In Union County, the Sparta aquifer has been used increasingly since development began in the early 1920s, resulting in water-level declines of more than 360 feet (ft) in...
Rebuilding Mount St. Helens
Steve P. Schilling, David W. Ramsey, James A. Messerich, Ren A. Thompson
2006, Scientific Investigations Map 2928
On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, Washington exploded in a spectacular and devastating eruption that shocked the world. The eruption, one of the most powerful in the history of the United States, removed 2.7 cubic kilometers of rock from the volcano's edifice, the bulk of which had been constructed...
Investigating ebullition in a sand column using dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling
Richard T. Amos, K. Ulrich Mayer
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 5361-5367
Ebullition of gas bubbles through saturated sediments can enhance the migration of gases through the subsurface, affect the rate of biogeochemical processes, and potentially enhance the emission of important greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. To better understand the parameters controlling ebullition, methanogenic conditions were produced in a column experiment and...
Present and Reference Concentrations and Yields of Suspended Sediment in Streams in the Great Lakes Region and Adjacent Areas
Dale M. Robertson, David A. Saad, Dennis M. Heisey
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5066
In-stream suspended sediment and siltation and downstream sedimentation are common problems in surface waters throughout the United States. The most effective way to improve surface waters impaired by sediments is to reduce the contributions from human activities rather than try to reduce loadings from natural sources. Total suspended sediment/solids (TSS)...
A Semi-Implicit, Three-Dimensional Model for Estuarine Circulation
Peter E. Smith
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1004
A semi-implicit, finite-difference method for the numerical solution of the three-dimensional equations for circulation in estuaries is presented and tested. The method uses a three-time-level, leapfrog-trapezoidal scheme that is essentially second-order accurate in the spatial and temporal numerical approximations. The three-time-level scheme is shown to be preferred over a two-time-level...
BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study: Establishment Report and Study Plan
John H. Cissel, P. D. Anderson, Deanna H. Olson, Klaus Puettmann, Shanti Berryman, Samuel Chan, Charley Thompson
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5087
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Oregon State University (OSU) established the BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study (DMS) in 1994 to demonstrate and test options for young stand management to meet Northwest Forest Plan objectives in western Oregon....
Spectral mixture analyses of hyperspectral data acquired using a tethered balloon
Xuexia Chen, Lee Vierling
2006, Remote Sensing of Environment (103) 338-350
Tethered balloon remote sensing platforms can be used to study radiometric issues in terrestrial ecosystems by effectively bridging the spatial gap between measurements made on the ground and those acquired via airplane or satellite. In this study, the Short Wave Aerostat-Mounted Imager (SWAMI) tethered balloon-mounted platform was utilized to evaluate...
State-parameter estimation of ecosystem models using a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter
M. Chen, Shuguang Liu, Larry L. Tieszen
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the iEMSs 2006 conference
Much of the effort in data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed...
Volcanic hazards at Atitlan volcano, Guatemala
J.M. Haapala, R. Escobar Wolf, James W. Vallance, William I. Rose Jr., J.P. Griswold, S. P. Schilling, J.W. Ewert, M. Mota
2006, Open-File Report 2005-1403
Atitlan Volcano is in the Guatemalan Highlands, along a west-northwest trending chain of volcanoes parallel to the mid-American trench. The volcano perches on the southern rim of the Atitlan caldera, which contains Lake Atitlan. Since the major caldera-forming eruption 85 thousand years ago (ka), three stratovolcanoes--San Pedro, Toliman, and Atitlan--have...
Geological interpretation of bathymetric and backscatter imagery of the sea floor off eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Larry J. Poppe, Valerie F. Paskevich, Bradford Butman, Seth D. Ackerman, William W. Danforth, Dave S. Foster, Dann S. Blackwood
2006, Open-File Report 2005-1048
The imagery, interpretive data layers, and data presented herein were derived from multibeam echo-sounder data collected off Eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and from the stations occupied to verify these acoustic data. The basic data layers show sea-floor topography, sun-illuminated shaded relief, and backscatter intensity; interpretive layers show the distributions of...
Extracting shorelines from NASA airborne topographic lidar-derived digital elevation models
M. Harris, J. Brock, A. Nayegandhi, M. Duffy
2006, Open-File Report 2005-1427
This report documents part of the National Park Service (NPS)/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aerial Data Collection and Creation of Products for Park Vital Signs Project. This report is one in a series that describes methods for extracting topographic features from aerial survey data as part...
Topographic map of the western region of Dao Vallis in Hellas Planitia, Mars; MTM 500k -40/082E OMKT
Mark R. Rosiek, Bonnie L. Redding, Donna M. Galuszka
2006, Scientific Investigations Map 2926
This map, compiled photogrammetrically from Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs, is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. Contours were derived from a digital terrain model (DTM) compiled on a digital photogrammetric workstation using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs with orientation parameters...
Dynamics of diffusive bubble growth and pressure recovery in a bubbly rhyolitic melt embedded in an elastic solid
Bernard A. Chouet, Phillip B. Dawson, Masaru Nakano
2006, Geosciences (111)
We present a model of gas exsolution and bubble expansion in a melt supersaturated in response to a sudden pressure drop. In our model, the melt contains a suspension of gas bubbles of identical sizes and is encased in a penny-shaped crack embedded in an elastic solid. The...
Aftershock decay, productivity, and stress rates in Hawaii: Indicators of temperature and stress from magma sources
Fred W. Klein, Tom Wright, Jennifer Nakata
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
We examined dozens of aftershock sequences in Hawaii in terms of Gutenberg-Richter and modified Omori law parameters. We studied p, the rate of aftershock decay; Ap, the aftershock productivity, defined as the observed divided by the expected number of aftershocks; and c, the time delay when aftershock rates begin to...
Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition
Mark D. Munn, Robert J. Gilliom, Patrick W. Moran, Lisa H. Nowell
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5148
The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program is designed to assess current water-quality conditions, changes in water quality over time, and the effects of natural and human factors on water quality for the Nation's streams and ground-water resources. For streams, one of the most difficult parts of the...
Simulation of proposed increases in ground-water withdrawals on the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey Coastal Plain
Daryll A. Pope
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5114
The confined Atlantic City 800-foot sand and the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system (surficial aquifer) are major sources of water for southeastern New Jersey. Because of recent concerns about streamflow depletion resulting from ground-water withdrawals and the potential ecological effects on stream habitat in the area, the focus on future withdrawals...
Shallow-landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington
Edwin L. Harp, John A. Michael, William T. Laprade
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1139
Landslides, particularly debris flows, have long been a significant cause of damage and destruction to people and property in the Puget Sound region. Following the years of 1996 and 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated Seattle as a 'Project Impact' city with the goal of encouraging the city...
Regional evaluation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and chemical characteristics of the intermediate aquifer system underlying southern west-central Florida
Lari A. Knochenmus
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5013
Three major aquifer systems-the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Floridan aquifer system-are recognized in the approximately 5,100-square-mile southern west-central Florida study area. The principal source of freshwater for all uses is ground water supplied from the three aquifer systems. Ground water from the intermediate aquifer system...
Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration and simulated flow to varying meteorological inputs, Salt Creek watershed, DuPage County, Illinois
David E. Whitbeck
2006, Open-File Report 2005-1430
The Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration (LXPET) Program computes potential evapotranspiration (PET) using inputs from four different meteorological sources: temperature, dewpoint, wind speed, and solar radiation. PET and the same four meteorological inputs are used with precipitation data in the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) to simulate streamflow in the Salt Creek watershed,...
delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material
Kristin O. Dennen, Craig A. Johnson, Marshall L. Otter, Steven R. Silva, Gregory A. Wandless
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1071
Samples of United States Geological Survey (USGS) Certified Reference Materials USGS Devonian Ohio Shale (SDO-1), and USGS Eocene Green River Shale (SGR-1), and National Research Council Canada (NRCC) Certified Marine Sediment Reference Material (PACS-2), were sent for analysis to four separate analytical laboratories as blind controls for organic rich sedimentary...
