References Cited

• Andrews, E.D., 1983, Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 1225–1231.

• Bottacin-Busolun, A., Tait, S.J., Marion, A., Chegini, A., and Tregmaghi, M., 2008, Probabilistic description of grain resistance from simultaneous flow field and grain motion measurements: Water Resources Research, v. 44, p. WO9419.

• Calantoni, J., Landry, B.J., and Penko, A.M., 2013, Laboratory observations of sand ripple evolution using bimodal gran size distributions under asymmetric oscillatory flows: Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue no. 65, p. 1497–1502.

• Dalyander, P.S., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., and Thompson, D.M., 2014, Assessing mobility and redistribution patterns of sand and oil agglomerates in the surf zone: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 80, nos. 1–2, p. 200–209. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.004.]

• Dalyander, P.S., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., and McLaughlin, Molly, 2015, Nearshore dynamics of artificial sand and oil agglomerates: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 96, p. 344–355. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.049.]

• Dalyander, P.S., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G, McLaughlin, Molly, and Mickey, R.C., 2015, Field observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1057, accessed July 30, 2015, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151057.

• Fenton, J.D., and Abbot, J.E., 1977, Initial movement of grans on a stream bed: the effect of relative protrusion: Proceedings of the Royal Society London, v. 352, p. 523–537.

• Foster, D.L., Bowen, A.J., Holman, R.A., and Natoo, P., 2006, Field evidence of pressure gradient induced incipient motion: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 111. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002863.]

• Frank, Donya, Foster, D.L., Sou, I.M., Calantoni, J., and Chou, P., 2015, Lagrangian measurements of incipient motion in oscillatory flows: Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans, v. 120, p. 244–256. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010183.]

• Frank, Donya, Foster, D.L., Sou, I.M., and Calantoni, J., Incipient motion of surf zone sediments: Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans, v. 120, no. 18. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010424.]

• Grant, W.D., and Madsen, O.S., 1979, Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom: Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans, v. 84, no. C4, p. 1797–1808. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1029/jc084ic04p01797.]

• Jenkins, R.L., Dalyander, P.S., Penko, Allison, Long, J.W., and Nelson, T.R., 2017, Laboratory observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates video and velocity data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, accessed May 12, 2017, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F76D5R69.

• Madsen, O.S., 1974, Stability of a sand bed under breaking waves: Proceedings of 14th Conference on Coastal Engineering, New York, p. 776–794.

• MathWorks, Inc., 2015b, MATLAB and Image Processing Toolbox Release: The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Mass., United States.

• MathWorks, Inc., 2015b, MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release: The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Mass., United States.

• Operational Science Advisory Team [OSAT-2] Gulf Coast Incident Management Team, 2011, Summary report for fate and effects of remnant oil in the beach environment: Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council web page, accessed September 1, 2014, at http://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/u316/OSAT-2%20Report%20no%20ltr.pdf

• Operational Science Advisory Team [OSAT-3] Unified Command, 2013, Investigation of recurring residual oil in discrete shoreline areas in the eastern area of responsibility: Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council web page, accessed September 1, 2014, at http://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/u372/OSAT%20III%20Eastern%20States.pdf.

• Plant, N.G., Long, J.W., Dalyander, P.S., Thompson, D.M., and Raabe, E.A., 2013, Application of a hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for guidance of response efforts related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Northern Gulf of Mexico along the coast of Alabama and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1234, accessed September 1, 2014, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1234/.

• Shields, Albert, 1936, Anwendung der Ähnlichkeits-Mechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung [Application of similarity mechanics and turbulence research on sediment movement]: Berlin, Preussishe Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbrau und Schiffbau [Prussian Laboratory of Water Brewing and Shipbuilding], v. 26, p. 524–526.

• Sleath, J.F.A., 1999, Conditions for plug formation in oscillatory flow: Continental Shelf Research, v. 19, p. 1643–1664.

• Soulsby, R.L., 1997, Dynamics of marine sands—A manual for practical applications: London, Thomas Telford Publications, 249 p. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1680/doms.25844.]

• Wiberg, P.L., and Smith, J.D., 1987, Calculations of the critical shear stress for motion of uniform and heterogeneous sediments: Water Resources Research, v. 23, p. 1471–1480.

• Wilcock, P.R., 1998, Two-fraction model of initial sediment motion in gravel-bed rivers: Science, v. 80, p. 41–412.