Regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) sex ratio in tallgrass prairie: Effects of survey timing and management regime
Kelsey McCullough, David A. Haukos, Gene Albanese
2021, The American Midland Naturalist (185) 57-76
The regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury), was once a common inhabitant of North American grassland communities. Regal fritillary populations are commonly reported to have a male biased adult sex ratio (ASR) throughout their range. We assessed the observed ASR of regal fritillary throughout an annual flight period,...
Upland burning and grazing as strategies to offset climate-change effects on wetlands
Owen P. McKenna, David A. Renton, David M. Mushet, Edward S. DeKeyser
2021, Wetlands Ecology and Management (29) 208
Wetland ecosystems perform a multitude of services valued by society and provide critical habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife. Despite their importance, wetlands have been lost to different local, regional, and global drivers. Remaining wetlands are extremely sensitive to changing temperature and precipitation regimes. Management...
Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears
Savannah A. Rogers, Charlie T. Robbins, Paul D. Mathewson, Anthony M. Carnahan, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Warren P. Porter, Taylor R. Rogers, Terrence Soule, Ryan A. Long
2021, Functional Ecology (35) 398-410
1. Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat production increases markedly during gestation and lactation, and thus female mammals may be subject to greater thermal constraints on energy expenditure than males....
Uranium(VI) attenuation in a carbonate-bearing oxic alluvial aquifer
PJ Nolan, S Bone, Kate M. Campbell, David Pannell, O Healy, M Stange, J Bargar, KA Weber
2021, Journal of Hazardous Materials (412)
Uranium minerals are commonly found in soils and sediment across the United States at an average concentration of 2–4 mg/kg. Uranium occurs in the environment primarily in two forms, the oxidized, mostly soluble uranium(VI) form, or the reduced, sparingly soluble reduced uranium(IV) form. Here we describe subsurface geochemical conditions that result...
Geochemistry of coastal permafrost and erosion-driven organic matter fluxes to the Beaufort Sea near Drew Point, Alaska
Emily M. Bristol, Craig T. Connolly, Thomas Lorenson, Bruce M. Richmond, Anastasia G. Ilgen, Charles R. Choens, Diana L. Bull, Mikhail Z. Kanevskiy, Go Iwahana, Benjamin M. Jones, James W. McClelland
2021, Frontiers in Earth Science (8)
Accelerating erosion of the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast is increasing inputs of organic matter from land to the Arctic Ocean, and improved estimates of organic matter stocks in eroding coastal permafrost are needed to assess their mobilization rates under contemporary conditions. We collected three permafrost cores (4.5–7.5 m long)...
Using high sample rate lidar to measure debris-flow velocity and surface geometry
Francis K. Rengers, Thomas D Rapstine, Michael Olsen, Kate E. Allstadt, Richard M. Iverson, Ben Leshchinsky, Maciej K. Obryk, Joel B. Smith
2021, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience (27) 113-126
Debris flows evolve in both time and space in complex ways, commonly starting as coherent failures but then quickly developing structures such as roll waves and surges. These processes are readily observed but difficult to study or quantify because of the speed at which they...
Groundwater discharge impacts marine isotope budgets of Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba
Kimberly Mayfield, Anton Eisenhauer, Danielle P. Santiago Ramos, John A. Higgins, Tristan Horner, Maureen Auro, Tomas Magna, Nils Moosdorf, Matthew Charette, Meagan Gonneea Eagle, Carolyn Brady, Nemanja Komar, Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Adina Paytan
2021, Nature Communications (12)
Groundwater-derived solute fluxes to the ocean have long been assumed static and subordinate to riverine fluxes, if not neglected entirely, in marine isotope budgets. Here we present concentration and isotope data for Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba in coastal groundwaters to constrain the importance of...
The use of continuous water-quality time-series data to compute total phosphorus loadings for the Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, 2018–20
Jessica D. Garrett
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5131
In support of nutrient reduction efforts, total phosphorus loads and yields were computed for the Turkey River at Garber, Iowa (U.S. Geological Survey station 05412500), for January 1, 2018, to April 30, 2020, based on continuously monitored turbidity sensor data. Sample data were used to create a total phosphorus turbidity-surrogate...
Trends in groundwater levels in and near the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota, water years 1956–2017
Kristen J. Valseth, Daniel G. Driscoll
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5119
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, completed a study to characterize water-level fluctuations in observation wells to examine driving factors that affect water levels in and near the Rosebud Indian Reservation, which comprises all of Todd County. The study investigates concerns regarding potential effects...
Statistical methods for simulating structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs) with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)
Gregory E. Granato, Alana B. Spaetzel, Laura Medalie
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5136
This report documents statistics for simulating structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs) with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM). The U.S. Geological Survey developed SELDM and the statistics documented in this report in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration to indicate the risk for stormwater flows, concentrations,...
Groundwater dynamics at Kīlauea Volcano and vicinity, Hawaiʻi
Shaul Hurwitz, Sara E. Peek, Martha A. Scholl, Deborah Bergfeld, William C. Evans, James P. Kauahikaua, Stephen B. Gingerich, Paul A. Hsieh, R. Lopaka Lee, Edward F. Younger, Steven E. Ingebritsen
Matthew R. Patrick, Tim R. Orr, Don Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, editor(s)
2021, Professional Paper 1867-F
Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, is surrounded and permeated by active groundwater systems that interact dynamically with the volcanic system. A generalized conceptual model of Hawaiian hydrogeology includes high-level dike-impounded groundwater, very permeable perched and basal aquifers, and a transition (mixing) zone between freshwater and saltwater. Most high-level...
The river corridor’s evolving connectivity of lotic and lentic waters
Judson Harvey, Noah Schmadel
2021, Frontiers in Water (2)
River corridors supply a substantial proportion of the fresh water for societal and ecological needs. Individual functions of flowing (lotic) streams and rivers and ponded (lentic) waterbodies such as lakes and reservoirs are well-studied, but their collective functions are not as well understood. Here we bring together nationally consistent river...
Simulating water and heat transport with freezing and cryosuction in unsaturated soil: Comparing an empirical, semi-empirical and physically-based approach
Joris C Stuurop, Sjoerd E. A. T. M van der Zee, Clifford I. Voss, Helen K French
2021, Advances in Water Resources (149)
Freezing of unsaturated soil is an important process that influences runoff and infiltration in cold-climate regions. We used a simple numerical model to simulate water and heat transport with phase change in unsaturated soil via three different approaches: empirical, semi-empirical and physically based. We compared the performance and parameterization of...
Modeling hydrologic processes associated with soil saturation and debris flow initiation during the September 2013 storm, Colorado Front Range
Sujana Timilsina, Jeffrey D. Niemann, Sara L. Rathburn, Francis K. Rengers, Peter A. Nelson
2021, Landslides (18) 1741-1759
Seven days of extreme rainfall during September 2013 produced more than 1100 debris flows in the Colorado Front Range, about 78% of which occurred on south-facing slopes (SFS). Previously published soil moisture (volumetric water content) observations suggest that SFS were wetter than north-facing slopes (NFS) during...
Geology and genesis of the Shalipayco evaporite-related Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb deposit, Central Peru: 3D geological modeling and C–O–S–Sr isotope constraints
Saulo B de Oliveira, Craig A. Johnson, Caetano Juliani, Lena VS Monteiro, David L Leach, Marianna G.N. Caran
2021, Mineralium Deposita (56) 1543-1562
The Shalipayco Zn–Pb deposit, in central Peru, is composed of several stratabound orebodies, the largest of which are the Resurgidora and Intermedios, contained in carbonate rocks of the Upper Triassic Chambará Formation, Pucará group. Petrography suggests that a single ore-forming episode formed sphalerite and galena within vugs, open spaces, and...
Modeling structural mechanics of oyster reef self-organization including environmental constraints and community interactions
Simeon Yurek, Mitchell J. Eaton, Romain Lavaud, R. Wilson Laney, Don DeAngelis, William E. Pine III, Megan K. LaPeyre, Julien Martin, Peter C Frederick, Hongqing Wang, Michael R. Lowe, Fred Johnson, Edward V. Camp, Rua Mordecai
2021, Ecological Modelling (440)
Self-organization is a process of establishing and reinforcing local structures through feedbacks between internal population dynamics and external factors. In reef-building systems, substrate is collectively engineered by individuals that also occupy it and compete for space. Reefs are constrained spatially by the physical environment, and by mortality, which reduces production...
Genetic connectivity of the West Indian manatee in the southern range and limited evidence of hybridization with Amazonian manatees
Fabia O. Luna, Caitlin Beaver, Coralie Nourisson, Robert Bonde, Fernanda L. N. Attademo, Adriana V. Miranda, Juan P. Torres-Florez, Glaucia P. de Sousa, Jose Z. Passavate, Margaret Hunter
2021, Frontiers in Marine Science (7)
The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee is classified as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In Brazil, the manatee population is listed as endangered with an estimated population size of 500–1,000. Historic hunting, recent habitat degradation, and fisheries bycatch...
Monitoring the results of stream corridor restoration
Daniel Bunting, Andrew M. Barton, Brooke M. Bushman, Barry Chernoff, Kelon Crawford, David J. Dean, Eduardo Gonzalez, Jeanmarie Haney, O. Hinojosa-Huerta, Helen M. Poulos, J Renfrow, Holly E. Richter, Carlos A. Sifuentes Lugo, Juliet C. Stromberg, Dale S. Turner, K. Urbanczyk, Mark K. Briggs
2021, Book chapter, Renewing our rivers: Stream corridor restoration in dryland regions
Often overlooked and underfunded, ecological monitoring is an essential component of stream-restoration work. It helps practitioners to identify successful restoration practices, detect ineffective ones, and adjust their adaptive-management activities to improve efficacy (Bernhardt and Palmer 2011). Monitoring, along with research and modeling, are the three legs of the scientific stool...
Broader impacts for ecologists: Biological soil crust as a model system for education
Alasha M. Faist, Anita J. Antoninka, Nichole N. Barger, Matthew A. Bowker, V. Bala Chaudhary, Caroline A. Havrilla, Elisabeth Huber-Saanwald, Sasha C. Reed, Bettina Weber
2021, Frontiers in Microbiology (11)
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a complex community of algae, cyanobacteria, lichens, bryophytes, and assorted bacteria, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages that colonize the soil surface. Biocrusts are particularly common in drylands and are found in arid and semiarid ecosystems worldwide. While diminutive in size, biocrusts often cover large terrestrial areas,...
Drivers of realized satellite tracking duration in marine turtles
Kristen Hart, Jacquelyn C. Guzy, Brian J. Smith
2021, Movement Ecology (9)
BackgroundSatellite tags have revolutionized our understanding of marine animal movements. However, tags may stop transmitting for many reasons and little research has rigorously examined tag failure. Using a long-term, large-scale, multi-species dataset, we evaluated factors influencing tracking duration of satellite tags to inform study design for future tracking studies.MethodsWe leveraged...
Toward physics-based nonergodic PSHA: A prototype fully-deterministic seismic hazard model for southern California
Kevin R. Milner, Bruce E. Shaw, Christine A. Goulet, Keith B. Richards-Dinger, Scott Callaghan, Thomas H. Jordan, James H. Dieterich, Edward H. Field
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 898-915
We present a nonergodic framework for probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis (PSHA) that is constructed entirely of deterministic, physical models. The use of deterministic ground‐motion simulations in PSHA calculations is not new (e.g., CyberShake), but prior studies relied on kinematic rupture generators to extend empirical earthquake rupture...
Using heat to trace vertical water fluxes in sediment experiencing concurrent tidal pumping and groundwater discharge
N LeRoux, B. Kurylyk, Martin A. Briggs, D. Irvine, J Tamborski, V. F. Bense
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
Heat has been widely applied to trace groundwater‐surface water exchanges in inland environments, but it is infrequently applied in coastal sediment where head oscillations induce periodicity in water flux magnitude/direction and heat advection. This complicates interpretation of temperatures to estimate water fluxes. We investigate the convolution of...
Heterogeneous stream-reservoir graph networks with data assimilation
Shengyu Chen, Alison P. Appling, Samantha K. Oliver, Hayley R. Corson-Dosch, Jordan Read, Jeffrey Michael Sadler, Jacob Aaron Zwart, Xiaowei Jia
2021, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 1024-1029
Accurate prediction of water temperature in streams is critical for monitoring and understanding biogeochemical and ecological processes in streams. Stream temperature is affected by weather patterns (such as solar radiation) and water flowing through the stream network. Additionally, stream temperature can be substantially affected by water...
Toward an integrative geological and geophysical view of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes
Maureen A. L. Walton, Lydia M. Staisch, Tina Dura, Jessie K. Pearl, Brian L. Sherrod, Joan S. Gomberg, Simon E. Engelhart, Anne Trehu, Janet Watt, Jonathan P. Perkins, Robert C. Witter, Noel Bartlow, Chris Goldfinger, Harvey Kelsey, Ann Morey, Valerie J. Sahakian, Harold Tobin, Kelin Wang, Ray Wells, Erin A. Wirth
2021, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (49) 367-398
The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is an exceptional geologic environment for recording evidence of land level changes, tsunamis, and ground motion that reveals at least 19 great megathrust earthquakes over the past 10 kyr. Such earthquakes are among the most impactful natural hazards on Earth, transcend national boundaries, and can...
Metamorphosis in an era of increasing climate variability
Winsor H. Lowe, Thomas E. Martin, David K. Skelly, H. Arthur Woods
2021, Trends in Ecology & Evolution (36) 360-375
Most animals have complex life cycles including metamorphosis or other discrete life stage transitions during which individuals may be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. With climate change, individuals will be exposed to increasing thermal and hydrologic variability during metamorphosis, which may affect survival and performance through physiological, behavioral, and ecological...
