U.S. Geological Survey

Two Months of Flooding in Eastern North Carolina, September - October 1999: Hydrologic Water-Quality, and Geologic Effects of Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene

Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4093
Raleigh, North Carolina 2000
By Jerad D. Bales, Carolyn J. Oblinger, and Asbury H. Sallenger, Jr.


CONTENTS || OVERVIEW || RAINFALL || FLOODING || WATER QUALITY || SHORELINE CHANGES || SUMMARY || REFERENCES

VII. REFERENCES

Bales, J.D., and Childress, C.J.O., 1996, Aftermath of Hurricane Fran in North Carolina—Preliminary data on flooding and water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-499, 6 p.

Bales, J.D., and Robbins, J.C., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-454, 85 p.

Bales, J.D., Weaver, J.C., and Robinson, J.B., 1999, Relation of land use to streamflow and water quality at selected sites in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1993–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4180, 95 p.

Barton, C., and Nishenko, S., 1994, Natural disasters—Forecasting economic and life losses: Selected Issues in the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Marine Geology Program, 4 p.

Beven, J., 2000, Preliminary report, Hurricane Dennis, 24 August–7 September 1999: National Hurricane Center, accessed on March 3, 1999, at http://hogfish.nhc.noaa.gov/1999dennis.html.

Committee on American River Flood Frequencies, 1999, Improving American river flood frequency analyses: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council, 120 p.

Giese, G.L., Wilder, H.B., and Parker, G.G., 1985, Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2221, 108 p.

Harned, D.A., McMahon, Gerard, Spruill, T.B., and Woodside, M.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin—Characterization of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-191, 131 p.

Hershfield, D.M., 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the United States for durations from 30 minutes to 24 hours and return periods from 1 to 100 years: Washington, D.C., U.S. Weather Bureau, Technical Paper 40.

Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982, Guidelines for determining flood frequency: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 17B, Office of Water Data Collection, Reston, Va., 183 p.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1999, Floyd's Carolina floods—A natural disaster becomes research: Goddard Space Flight Center, accessed on February 2, 2000, at http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/imagewall/carolina.html.

National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 1999, Hydrogen ion concentration as pH from measurements made at the field laboratories, 1998: National Trends Network, accessed on April 19, 2000, at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths/maps1998/phfield.gif.

National Climatic Data Center, 1955a, Climatological data, North Carolina, August 1955: Asheville, N.C., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. LX, no. 8, p. 118–132.

———1955b, Climatological data, North Carolina, September 1955: Asheville, N.C., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. LX, no. 9, p. 134–147.

———1996a, Climatological data, North Carolina, September 1996: Asheville, N.C., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. 101, no. 09, 32 p.

———1996b, Hourly precipitation data, North Carolina, September 1996: Asheville, N.C., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. 46, no. 9, 16 p.

———1998, Climatological data, North Carolina, published monthly, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. 103, nos. 9–12.

———1999, Climatological data, North Carolina, published monthly, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, v. 104, nos. 1–8.

National Hurricane Center, 1999a, The costliest hurricanes in the United States 1900–1996: accessed on December 6, 1999, at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastcost.html.

———1999b, The deadliest hurricanes in the United States 1900–1996: accessed on December 6, 1999, at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdead.html.

National Research Council, 1998, Decade-to-century scale climate variability and change—A science strategy: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales.

North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, 1993, Neuse River basinwide water quality management plan: Raleigh, Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section.

———1994, Tar-Pamlico River basinwide water quality management plan: Raleigh, Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section.

———1997, Administrative code sections 15A NCAC 2B.0100—Procedures for assignment of water quality standards; and 15A NCAC 2B.0200—Classifications and water-quality standards applicable to surface waters of North Carolina: Raleigh, Division of Environmental Management, 39 p.

North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1999, Field ambient monitoring effort—Results dataset for 09/27/1999 and 09/28/1999: Environmental Sciences Branch, accessed on December 29, 1999, at http://www.esb.enr.state.nc.us/Floyd/floydams.htm.

Pasch, R.J., Kimberlain, T.B., and Stewart, S.R., 2000, Preliminary report, Hurricane Floyd, 7–17 September 1999: National Hurricane Center, accessed on March 3, 2000, at http://hogfish.nhc.noaa.gov/1999floyd.html.

Pope, B.F., and Tasker, G.D., 1999, Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4114, 43 p.

Raleigh News and Observer, 1999, After Hurricane Floyd—The reconstruction: Raleigh, N.C., News and Observer Publishing Company, v. MCMXCIX, no. 311, Section I.

Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J.D., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-511, 85 p.

Robinson, J.B., Hazell, W.F., and Young, W.S., 1998, Effects of August 1995 and July 1997 storms in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-036-98, 6 p.

Spruill, T.B., Harned, D.A., Ruhl, P.M., Eimers, J.L., McMahon, Gerard, Smith, K.E., Galeone, D.R., and Woodside, M.D., 1998, Water quality in the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1157, 36 p.

State Climate Office of North Carolina, 1999a, A history of hurricanes in North Carolina: accessed on November 5, 1999, at http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/.

———1999b, NCARS weather and climate network: accessed on November 29, 2000, at http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/agnet/ and other rainfall data provided in digital form.

———1999c, Hurricane Dennis rainfall, September 4–5, 1999, North Carolina: accessed on December 13, 1999, at http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/sco/images/www_dennis_pcp.jpg.

———1999d, Hurricane Floyd rainfall, September 14–16, 1999, North Carolina: accessed on December 13, 1999, at http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/sco/images/www_floyd_precip.jpg.

Stevenson, J.D., 1989, An historical account of hurricanes that have impacted North Carolina since 1586: Wilmington, N.C., National Weather Service, accessed on November 5, 1999, at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/er/mhx/hrcnbkt.htm.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986a, Quality criteria for water—1986: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report EPA440/5-86-001.

———1986b, Ambient water quality criteria for bacteria—1986: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report EPA440/5-84-002, 18 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The quality of our Nation's waters—Nutrients and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225, 82 p.

———2000, Flooding in eastern North Carolina: accessed on March 3, 2000, at http://sgi1dncrlg.er.usgs.gov/floyd/sw/.

Zaugg, S.D., Sandstrom, M.W., Smith, S.G., and Fehlberg, K.M., 1995, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory— Determination of pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-181, 49 p.



Wastewater-treatment plant in Goldsboro, N.C.
Wastewater-treatment plant in Goldsboro, N.C.

CONTENTS || OVERVIEW || RAINFALL || FLOODING || WATER QUALITY || SHORELINE CHANGES || SUMMARY || REFERENCES

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Last modified: Wed Dec 13 13:43:47 EST 2000