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U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1178

Profile Measurements and Data From the 2011 Optics, Acoustics, and Stress In Situ (OASIS) Project at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory

Results

                                                                                                   
Click on figures for larger images
Thumbail image for Figure 28, Graphs showing time series of temperature and salinity from the Sea-Bird SEACAT mounted 3.16 meters above the bottom.
Figure 28. Graphs showing time series of temperature and salinity from the Sea-Bird SEACAT mounted 3.16 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 29, Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from a Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom.
Figure 29. Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from a Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod was tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 30, Graphs showing echo intensity time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from a Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom.
Figure 30. Graphs showing echo intensity time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from a Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod was tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 31, Graphs showing correlation time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom.
Figure 31. Graphs showing correlation time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod was tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 32, Graphs showing time series for heading, pitch, and roll from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom.
Figure 32. Graphs showing time series for heading, pitch, and roll from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom. Note: the compass data were incorrect. The data were processed using the heading from ADV 9105 plus 54.5 degrees. Dashed line marks time when tripod was tipped over by strong waves and currents.
Thumbail image for Figure 33, Graphs showing time series for temperature and pressure from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom.
Figure 33. Graphs showing time series for temperature and pressure from the Nortek Aquadopp HR profiler mounted 1.08 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod was tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 34, Graphs showing time series profiles for east, north, and vertical velocity from the SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom.
Figure 34. Graphs showing time series profiles for east, north, and vertical velocity from the SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 35, Graphs showing echo intensity time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from the SonTek Hydra PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom.
Figure 35. Graphs showing echo intensity time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from the SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 36, Graphs showing correlation time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from a SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom.
Figure 36. Graphs showing correlation time series profiles for beams 1, 2, and 3 from a SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 37, Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from a SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom.
Figure 37. Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from a SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents.
Thumbail image for Figure 38, Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter and transmissometer attenuation from OBS mounted 1.18 meters above the bottom and 25-centimeter transmissometer mounted 2.75 meters above the bottom.
Figure 38. Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter and transmissometer attenuation from OBS mounted 1.18 meters above the bottom and 25-centimeter transmissometer mounted 2.75 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 39, Graph showing time series of temperature from the SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom.
Figure 39. Graph showing time series of temperature from the SonTek PCADP mounted 1.03 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 40, Graphs showing times series of east, north, and vertical velocity from the green ADV mounted 0.42 meter above the bottom.
Figure 40. Graphs showing times series of east, north, and vertical velocity from the green ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 41, Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from and the green ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom.
Figure 41. Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from and the green ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents.
Thumbail image for Figure 42, Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS mounted 0.23 meters above the bottom, the 5-centimeter transmissometer mounted 1.20 meters above the bottom of the array, and the ADV sample volume 0.24 meters above the bottom.
Figure 42. Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS mounted 0.23 meters above the bottom of the array, the 5-centimeter transmissometer mounted 1.20 meters above the bottom, and the ADV sample volume 0.24 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 43, Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure. Temperature data are from the green ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom and pressure data are from the Paros pressure sensor mounted 1.53 meters above the bottom.
Figure 43. Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure. Temperature data are from the green ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom and pressure data are from the Paros pressure sensor mounted 1.53 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 44, Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from the yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom.
Figure 44. Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from the yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 45, Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom.
Figure 45. Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents.
Thumbail image for Figure 46, Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS mounted 0.61 meters above the bottom, the 5-centimeter transmissometer mounted 1.19 meters above the bottom, and the ADV sample volume 0.24 meters above the bottom.
Figure 46. Graphs showing time series of optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS mounted 0.61 meters above the bottom, the 5-centimeter transmissometer mounted 1.19 meters above the bottom, and the ADV sample volume 0.24 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 47, Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure . Temperature data are from the yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom and pressure data are from the Paros pressure sensor mounted 1.53 meters above the bottom.
Figure 47. Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure . Temperature data are from the yellow ADV mounted 0.42 meters above the bottom and pressure data are from the Paros pressure sensor mounted 1.53 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 48, Graphs showing time series of temperature and salinity from a Sea-Bird SEACAT mounted 0.4 meters above the bottom.
Figure 48. Graphs showing time series of temperature and salinity from a Sea-Bird SEACAT mounted 0.4 meters above the bottom. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 49, Graph showing time series of volume concentration for 32 size classes from the LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 49. Graph showing time series of volume concentration for 32 size classes from the LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 50, Graph showing time series of attenuation from the LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 50. Graph showing time series of attenuation from the LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 51, Graph showing time series of pressure from LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 51. Graph showing time series of pressure from LISST-100X mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 52, Graphs showing time series of depth, salinity, temperature, and turbidity from the YSI multiparameter sonde mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 52. Graphs showing time series of depth, salinity, temperature, and turbidity from the YSI multiparameter sonde mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 53, Graphs showing example backscatter profile times series from an acoustic backscatter sensor (ABSS) mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 53. Graphs showing example backscatter profile times series from an acoustic backscatter sensor (ABSS) mounted on profiling arm. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 54, Graphs showing time series of acoustic backscatter 10-centimeters from transducers of the acoustic backscatter sensor (ABSS) mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 54. Graphs showing time series of acoustic backscatter 10-centimeters from transducers of the acoustic backscatter sensor (ABSS) mounted on profiling arm. Units plotted on the y-axis are the logarithm of the ABSS response measured in analog-digital converter counts, normalized by the maximum number of counts. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 55, Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median east, north, and vertical velocity from the blue ADV mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 55. Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median east, north, and vertical velocity from the blue ADV mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 56, Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS, 5-centimeter transmissometer, and ADV mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 56. Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median optical backscatter, transmissometer attenuation, and ADV mean echo intensity from the OBS, 5-centimeter transmissometer, and ADV mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Dotted lines mark times when optical sensors were cleaned by divers. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 57, Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median temperature and pressure. Temperature data are from the blue ADV and pressure data are from a Paros pressure sensor; both devices were mounted on profiling arm.
Figure 57. Graphs showing time series of 1-minute median temperature and pressure. Temperature data are from the blue ADV and pressure data are from a Paros pressure sensor; both devices were mounted on profiling arm. Dashed line marks time when tripod tipped over by strong waves and currents. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 58, Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meter above the bottom.
Figure 58. Graphs showing time series profiles of east, north, and vertical velocity from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meter above the bottom. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 59, Graph showing time series profiles of average echo intensity from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom.
Figure 59. Graph showing time series profiles of average echo intensity from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
Thumbail image for Figure 60, Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom.
Figure 60. Graphs showing time series of heading, pitch, and roll from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom.
Thumbail image for Figure 61, Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom.
Figure 61. Graphs showing time series of temperature and pressure from a Nortek Aquadopp profiler mounted on a monopod 0.16 meters above the bottom. Refer to the Abbreviations and Symbols section.
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Data of good quality were recorded by all the instruments except the upward-looking ADCP mounted on the top of the tripod.

Data from most instruments were downloaded after recovery using proprietary software from the instrument manufacturers. The exceptions were instruments that had been downloaded via the MVCO Internet connection, which included images from the LISST-HOLO digital holographic camera in portable graymap (pgm) format and data recorded by the Moxa in ASCII text files. Further processing was done using a combination of proprietary software and software developed for use in The MathWorks, (http://www.mathworks.com) Matlab programming environment by the USGS and others. This processing included conversion to engineering units, application of conversions to obtain physical units (for example, conversion of volts to transmissivity), trimming of time series to remove out-of-water values, and removal of spurious data (for example, extreme spikes in pressure or turbidity data). No corrections for biological fouling were performed, so drift due to fouling is evident in some of the data records from optical sensors without wipers. Whenever possible, data were converted to Equatorial Pacific Information Collection (EPIC)-compliant variables. All data were placed in network common data form (NetCDF; http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/), which is a compact, portable, binary file format that allows encapsulation of metadata. A complete listing of data files can be found in tables 5-11.

Figures 28-48 show graphs of data collected from instruments mounted on the main tripod (USGS mooring 910). Figures 28-33 present plots of currents, beam intensity, temperature, pressure, and orientation collected by the downward-looking Aquadopp HR during deployment. These velocity measurements extend from 1 meter (m) above the seafloor to the seafloor. Figures 34-39 present plots of similar parameters collected by the PCADP over the same depth range. Figures 40-47 present plots of currents, temperature, pressure, turbidity, and orientation data from the two ADV with Hydra logger systems mounted at 0.42 m above the seafloor on different sides of the tripod.

Figures 49-57 show graphs of data from sensors on the moving arm. Figures 49-51 are plots of data from the LISST-100X. Figure 52 plots data from the YSI 6600 mounted at the end of the arm. Figures 53 and 54 plot samples of ABSS data at three frequencies collected during two cycles of arm movement. Figures 55-57 are plots of currents, temperature, pressure, salinity, and turbidity from the ADV with Hydra logger system mounted on the end of the arm.

Figures 58-61 show plots of data collected by the upward-looking Aquadopp on the adjacent monopod (mooring 911), including current and acoustic backscatter profiles and temperature and pressure time series.

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